Detailed knowledge of the physical essence of femtosecond laser and Ni₃Al interactions is of great significance for the effective processing of film-cooling holes in Ni₃Al-based single crystal superalloy turbine blades. Although attempts have been made to understand the femtosecond laser processing of Ni₃Al-based single crystal superalloys via experiments or mesoscopic simulation, several phenomena and material removal mechanisms at the atomic level remain obscure. The information obtained in previous studies cannot be directly related to the femtosecond laser processing of Ni₃Al-based single crystal superalloys due to the differing intrinsic properties of materials. In this paper, using TTM-MD, three regimes of material response to femtosecond laser irradiation are identified in simulations with a single pulsed 500 fs laser: melting, photomechanical spallation and phase explosion. Several key physical parameters related to the thermodynamic and dynamic behaviour of Ni₃Al are obtained at the atomic level, including the fluence threshold, crystal lattice thermal stability and thermodynamic critical temperature. At low fluence, the material behaviour is characterized by heterogeneous surface melting and homogeneous subsurface melting. Photomechanical spallation occurs at higher fluence, which can be interpreted as void nucleation and growth, microcrack formation and eventual large liquid layer ejection. Under extremely high laser fluence, the material behaviour follows the phase explosion mechanism, forming an ablation plume with a layered structure. The dominant driving force change under different fluences causes the mechanism change. Additionally, an integral visual picture is successfully created based on the key parameters obtained, through which the mechanisms throughout the laser spot are revealed.

飞秒激光的物理本质和Ni ₃ Al相互作用的详细知识对于有效处理Ni ₃ Al基单晶高温合金涡轮机叶片中的膜冷却孔具有重要意义。尽管已尝试通过实验或介观模拟来了解飞秒激光处理Ni ₃ Al基单晶高温合金的过程，但在原子水平上仍存在一些不清楚的现象和材料去除机理。先前研究中获得的信息不能直接与飞秒激光处理Ni _3有关基于铝的单晶高温合金由于材料的固有特性不同。在本文中，使用TTM-MD，在单脉冲500 fs激光的仿真中，确定了三种材料对飞秒激光辐照的响应方式：熔化，光机械剥落和相爆炸。与Ni ₃热力学和动力学行为有关的几个关键物理参数Al以原子级获得，包括注量阈值，晶格热稳定性和热力学临界温度。在低注量下，材料行为的特征在于表面熔解不均匀和表面熔解均匀。光机械剥落以较高的通量发生，这可以解释为空隙成核和生长，微裂纹形成以及最终大的液层喷射。在极高的激光能量密度下，材料行为遵循相爆炸机理，形成具有分层结构的烧蚀羽流。不同注量下的主导驱动力变化引起机理变化。此外，根据获得的关键参数成功创建了完整的视觉图像，通过该图像可以揭示整个激光光斑的机理。