Abstract From the group-IIIA (borophene), to the group-IVA (silicene, germanene and stanine), as well as the group-VA (phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene) and even the group-VIA (selenene and tellurene nanosheets), these two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials are highly similar to graphene in lattice structure, and they can also be collectively referred to as Xenes. However, the unique specific atomic arrangement of these materials gives rise to a vast diversity of properties, and these single element 2D materials as graphene analogues are the most chemically tractable materials for synthetic exploration, thus attracting widespread attention and research. Intrinsic defects, as an defects inevitably introduced in the of experimental preparation, and extrinsic defects, as an artificially introduced and controllable way, both of them can effectively improve the environmental stability of single element materials and regulate the properties of Xenes. Herein, a review of the historical work about the properties and application of defective 2D monoelemental materials is presented. Based on the structure and properties of original single element 2D materials, the change of electronic and optoelectronic properties of these materials from different main groups under the action of different defects are classified and compared. In addition, the existing methods of realizing defects of 2D Xenes-based materials are summarized, and the application of the defects engineering in the field of optoelectronic devices, energy storage and conversion, catalysts as well are also comprehensively searched and reviewed. Finally, this review provides the prospect and challenge for the preparation and application of defective 2D monoelemental materials on the basis of the current research and development.

中文翻译：

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缺陷工程下作为石墨烯类似物的二维单元素材料（Xenes）的结构、性能和应用

摘要 从 IIIA 族（硼烯）到 IVA 族（硅烯、锗烯和锡烯），以及 VA 族（磷烯、砷烯、锑烯和铋烯）甚至 VIA 族（硒烯和碲烯纳米片） )，这些二维(2D)单元素材料在晶格结构上与石墨烯高度相似，也可以统称为Xenes。然而，这些材料独特的特定原子排列产生了巨大的多样性，而这些作为石墨烯类似物的单元素二维材料是合成探索中化学上最易处理的材料，因此引起了广泛的关注和研究。内在缺陷，作为实验准备过程中不可避免地引入的缺陷，外在缺陷，作为人为引入和可控的方式，两者均能有效提高单元素材料的环境稳定性，调节氙的性质。在此，回顾了有关缺陷二维单元素材料的性质和应用的历史工作。基于原始单元二维材料的结构和性能，对这些来自不同主族的材料在不同缺陷作用下的电子和光电性能变化进行分类比较。此外，总结了现有实现二维Xenes基材料缺陷的方法，并对缺陷工程在光电器件、能量存储与转换、催化剂等领域的应用进行了全面的探索和综述。最后，