Surface-fluorinated anatase TiO₂ nanosheets have been widely prepared using hydrofluoric acid (HF) as morphology controlling agent with several titanium alkoxides. However, hazardous and other scientific problems associated with HF are major obstacles towards its global commercialization. Therefore, this study introduces a facile, green and fluorine-free solvothermal synthetic approach to prepare anatase TiO₂ nanosheets (TNSs), involving commercial TiO₂ nanoparticles as titanium source and N, N dimethylformamide (DMF) as morphology controlling agent under alkaline environment. A Box-Behnken-Design 3-level experimental design was applied to optimize the major key synthesis parameters for tuneable TNSs performance by manipulating the reaction temperature (120−180 °C), reaction time (3−48 hr) and dose of DMF (5−40 mL). The proposed model was verified through the analysis of variance and performing experiments at predicated optimal conditions (temperature =165.35 °C, time = 25.50 h and DMF dose =22.50 mL). The quadratic model was found to be best-fitted with the maximum correlation coefficients (R² = 0.989 and adjusted R² = 0.975) between predicted and actual results. The crystal growth mechanism of TNSs was also proposed. The formation of tetragonal TNSs (10 nm) containing the highest surface area with least bandgap upto 2.62 eV, confirmed through XRD, TEM, BET, DRS, FTIR and XPS measurements. The excellent photocatalytic performance was exhibited by as-developed TNSs for phenol degradation upto 95.33 % under visible-light. The photoactivity of TNSs was found to be strongly associated with synthesis parameters including hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and DMF dose. The phenol degradation data was well explained via pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters were suggested the nature of phenol degradation process. This enhanced degradation activity of TNSs was attributed to the well-defined morphology, larger surface area, improved energy harvesting aptitude and abated recombination rate of photogenerated electron hole-pairs resulting an enhancement in the photogenerated charge carrier.

使用氢氟酸（HF）作为形态控制剂和几种烷氧基钛，已经广泛制备了表面氟化的锐钛矿型TiO ₂纳米片。然而，与HF相关的危险和其他科学问题是其全球商业化的主要障碍。因此，本研究引入了一种简便，绿色和无氟的溶剂热合成方法来制备锐钛矿型TiO ₂纳米片（TNS），其中涉及商用TiO ₂碱性条件下，纳米粒子为钛源，N，N二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为形貌控制剂。通过操作反应温度（120-180°C），反应时间（3-48小时）和DMF剂量（Box-Behnken-Design 3级实验设计），优化了可调节TNS性能的主要关键合成参数。 5-40 mL）。通过方差分析并在预定的最佳条件下（温度= 165.35°C，时间= 25.50 h和DMF剂量= 22.50 mL）进行实验，验证了所提出的模型。发现二次模型最适合最大相关系数（R ²  = 0.989和调整后的R ² = 0.975）。还提出了TNSs的晶体生长机理。通过XRD，TEM，BET，DRS，FTIR和XPS测量确认，形成了具有最高表面积，最小带隙且高达2.62 eV的四边形TNS（10 nm）。已开发的TNS在可见光下对苯酚的降解率高达95.33％，具有优异的光催化性能。发现TNS的光活性与合成参数密切相关，包括水热温度，反应时间和DMF剂量。苯酚降解数据通过拟一级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型得到了很好的解释。热力学参数表明了苯酚降解过程的性质。增强的TNS降解活性归因于明确定义的形态，