The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. These include how host genetic factors affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. We reviewed the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, systematically focusing on human studies. We identified 1,832 articles of potential relevance. Seventy-five involved human host genetic factors, 36 of which involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small numbers of research subjects and loci. Three additional case reports were described. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility (seven of which identified protective alleles) and 16 related to outcomes (three of which identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Among other studies, 30 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 178 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, and 984 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis. Previous human studies have been limited by issues that may be less impactful now, including low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods; however, these may raise additional considerations. We outline key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation in the study of COVID-19. We also discuss how previous studies may direct current lines of inquiry.

SARS-CoV-2大流行引发了许多科学和临床问题。这些包括宿主遗传因素如何影响疾病的易感性和发病机理。与SARS-CoV-2有关的新工作正在涌现；先前已经对影响不同物种的其他冠状病毒进行了研究。我们回顾了有关冠状病毒相关宿主遗传因素的文献，系统地侧重于人类研究。我们确定了1,832篇潜在的相关文章。涉及人类宿主遗传因素的有75个，其中有36个涉及对特定基因或基因座的分析。除了一项荟萃分析外，所有都是候选人驱动的研究，通常研究少数研究对象和基因座。描述了另外三个案例报告。确定了多个重要基因座，包括与易感性相关的16个（其中七个确定了保护性等位基因）和与预后相关的16个（其中三个确定了保护性等位基因）。使用的案例和控制的类型差异很大；四项研究使用了传统的复制/验证队列。在其他研究中，有30个涉及与冠状病毒相关的人类和非人类宿主遗传因素，有178个涉及与冠状病毒相关的非人类（动物）宿主遗传因素的研究，还有984个与冠状病毒相关的非遗传宿主因素的研究，包括涉及免疫发病机制。以前的人类研究受到可能影响较小的问题的限制，这些问题包括合格参与者的数量较少以及先进基因组方法的可用性有限；但是，这些可能会引起其他考虑。我们概述了来自动物和人类宿主遗传研究的关键基因和基因座，可能需要在COVID-19的研究中进行调查。我们还将讨论以前的研究如何指导当前的研究方向。