The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. These include how host genetic factors affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. We reviewed the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, systematically focusing on human studies. We identified 1,832 articles of potential relevance. Seventy-five involved human host genetic factors, 36 of which involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small numbers of research subjects and loci. Three additional case reports were described. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility (seven of which identified protective alleles) and 16 related to outcomes (three of which identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Among other studies, 30 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 178 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, and 984 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis. Previous human studies have been limited by issues that may be less impactful now, including low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods; however, these may raise additional considerations. We outline key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation in the study of COVID-19. We also discuss how previous studies may direct current lines of inquiry.

SARS-CoV-2 大流行引发了许多科学和临床问题。其中包括宿主遗传因素如何影响疾病易感性和发病机制。与 SARS-CoV-2 相关的新工作正在涌现；之前的工作已经针对影响不同物种的其他冠状病毒进行了。我们回顾了与冠状病毒相关的宿主遗传因素的文献，系统地重点关注人类研究。我们确定了 1,832 篇具有潜在相关性的文章。 75个涉及人类宿主遗传因素，其中36个涉及特定基因或位点的分析；除了一项荟萃分析外，所有研究都是候选者驱动的研究，通常调查少量的研究对象和基因座。还描述了另外三份病例报告。确定了多个重要位点，包括 16 个与易感性相关（其中 7 个确定了保护性等位基因）和 16 个与结果相关（其中 3 个确定了保护性等位基因）。所使用的案例和控制的类型差异很大；四项研究使用传统的复制/验证队列。其中，涉及冠状病毒相关人类和非人类宿主遗传因素研究30项，涉及冠状病毒相关非人（动物）宿主遗传因素研究178项，涉及冠状病毒非遗传宿主因素研究984项。包括涉及免疫发病机制。以前的人类研究受到一些问题的限制，这些问题现在可能影响较小，包括合格参与者数量少和先进基因组方法的可用性有限；然而，这些可能会引起额外的考虑。我们概述了来自动物和人类宿主遗传学研究的关键基因和基因座，这些基因和基因座可能需要在 COVID-19 研究中进行研究。 我们还讨论了先前的研究如何指导当前的研究方向。