In August 2016, northern Japan was stuck by apparently unusual occurrence of the landfall of four typhoons and experienced record-breaking heavy precipitations. This study analyzed the extreme precipitations carried out by these four typhoons to understand their internal structure over northern Japan by computing the probability distributions of precipitation durations with their peak intensities exceeding a range of percentile thresholds starting from 70 to 99%. The main focus was on the duration and size of the extreme precipitations together with the precipitation structure over northern Japan during the passage of each of these four typhoons through different latitudinal locations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the long-lasting and widespread extreme precipitations carried by individual typhoon and such information are crucial for prevention of and protection from typhoon-related hazards over Japan. We find that the typhoons landfalled over Hokkaido region exhibit similar characteristics of precipitation duration, while the typhoon landfalled over Tohoku region shows relatively long-lived precipitation durations. However, all the four typhoons show a robust feature in the precipitation sizes over northern Japan. The occurrence of heavy precipitations with intensity higher than 20–30 mm h⁻¹ is more frequent and last 6 to 9 h over northern Japan. These features may explain the excessive precipitations caused by each typhoon. The important information contained in this study is the duration and size of the precipitations induced by the typhoons vary depending on the landfalling region. However, the precipitation characteristics associated with all the three typhoons landfalled over Hokkaido show mostly robust features. This study gives a first step towards a description of the spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon-induced precipitations and has an overall implication towards the future research that is needed for the assessment of typhoon-induced precipitation-related disasters in future warming climate.

中文翻译：

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日本北部台风诱发的降水特征：以2016年台风为例

2016年8月，日本北部因四次台风登陆的异常发生而陷入困境，并经历了创纪录的强降雨。这项研究分析了这四种台风的极端降水，以通过计算降水持续时间的概率分布（峰值强度超过70％至99％的百分位数阈值范围）来了解日本北部的内部结构。在这四个台风通过不同纬度位置的过程中，主要关注的是极端降水的持续时间和规模以及日本北部的降水结构。据我们所知，这是首次研究单个台风带来的长期且广泛的极端降水的研究，这些信息对于预防和保护日本各地的台风相关危害至关重要。我们发现，登陆北海道地区的台风表现出相似的降水持续时间特征，而登陆东北地区的台风则表现出相对较长的降水持续时间。但是，所有四个台风在日本北部的降水量上都表现出明显的特征。强度大于20–30 mm h的强降水发生 而登陆东北地区的台风则显示了相对较长的降水持续时间。但是，所有四个台风在日本北部的降水量上都表现出明显的特征。强度大于20–30 mm h的强降水发生 而登陆东北地区的台风则显示了相对较长的降水持续时间。但是，所有四个台风在日本北部的降水量上都表现出明显的特征。强度大于20–30 mm h的强降水发生^-1更为频繁，在日本北部持续6至9小时。这些特征可以解释每个台风造成的过多降水。这项研究中包含的重要信息是台风引起的降水的持续时间和大小取决于登陆区。但是，与北海道上空的所有三个台风相关的降水特征大多表现出较强的特征。这项研究为描述台风诱发的降水的时空特征迈出了第一步，并且对评估未来变暖气候中与台风诱发的降水相关的灾害所需要的未来研究具有整体意义。