The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of Aspergillus tubingensis and Talaromyces islandicus to solubilize inorganic phosphorus sources, their activity under abiotic stress, and the enhancement of P availability in soils and plant growth. The P-solubilizing capability and acidification mechanism of the strains were assessed in vitro using tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate. Independent assays were conducted with rock phosphate under NaCl and fungicides carbendazim, chlorothalonil, and propamocarb hydrochloride using a factorial design. Thereafter, the effects of fungal inoculations in rock phosphate–amended soil and P nutrition of Zea mays were assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Both fungi solubilized P in vitro via acidification through the exudation of acetic, citric, lactic, malic, quinic, and succinic acids. The P-solubilizing efficiency of A. tubingensis was maintained above 97.5% under 0.5 to 3.0% NaCl, up to 28.7% in the treatment with carbendazim, up to 5.3% with chlorothalonil, and above 96.5% with propamocarb hydrochloride; while T. islandicus efficiency decreased to 45.2% in a NaCl concentration-dependent trend, and maintained it above 80% in the fungicide treatments. The inoculation with A. tubingensis increased the available P in the amended soil by up to 65% after 30 days and resulted in 87% higher foliar P content, 111% greater plant height, and 25% greater dry weight of maize shoots. Similarly, T. islandicus contributed to these parameters in 55, 67, 90, and 17%, respectively. These findings suggest their potential as qualified phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms to develop novel and sustainable approaches for P fertilization in agriculture.

中文翻译：

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塔宾曲霉和岛状踝节菌在盐水和杀菌剂胁迫下溶解岩石磷酸盐并改善玉米生长和磷营养

本研究的目的是评估塔宾曲霉和岛状节肢菌溶解无机磷源的能力、它们在非生物胁迫下的活性以及提高土壤和植物生长中磷的有效性。使用磷酸三钙和磷酸岩在体外评估了菌株的溶磷能力和酸化机制。使用析因设计，在 NaCl 和杀菌剂多菌灵、百菌清和霜霉威盐酸盐下对磷酸盐岩进行了独立分析。此后，在温室试验中评估了真菌接种在磷矿改良土壤和玉米磷营养的影响。两种真菌都通过醋酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸和琥珀酸的渗出进行酸化，从而在体外溶解磷。塔宾曲霉的溶磷效率在0.5～3.0% NaCl下保持在97.5%以上，多菌灵处理可达28.7%，百菌清可达5.3%，霜霉威盐酸盐可达96.5%以上；而 T. islandicus 效率在 NaCl 浓度依赖性趋势中下降至 45.2%，并在杀菌剂处理中保持在 80% 以上。30 天后，接种塔宾曲霉将改良土壤中的有效磷提高了 65%，使叶面磷含量提高了 87%，株高提高了 111%，玉米芽干重提高了 25%。同样，T. islandicus 对这些参数的贡献分别为 55%、67%、90% 和 17%。