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Shallow groundwater flow and inverted fresh/saline-water interface in a hypersaline endorheic basin (Great Basin, USA)
Hydrogeology Journal ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s10040-020-02209-8
Alan L. Mayo , David G. Tingey , Kevin A. Rey , Tony D. Winkel , John H. McBride , Stephen T. Nelson , Gregory T. Carling , Jiri Bruthans , Erik C. Petersen

Pilot Valley is an 828-km2 arid-region endorheic basin in western USA. Bounding mountain ranges rise as much as 1,900 m above the nearly flat 379-km2 playa floor. Up to 3.8 m of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville mud and thin oolitic sand layers form the surface layer of the basin floor. Groundwater conditions were evaluated using data from shallow monitoring wells and borings, springs, infiltrometer measurements, slug and dilution tests, geophysical transects, and precision elevation surveys. Alluvial fan groundwater discharges at fan/playa interface springs and underflows to the shallow basin sediments along the western side of the basin; the groundwater only underflows along the eastern side. Precision surveying established a Lake Bonneville shore-line break in slope as the cause of the spring discharges. Tectonic tilting causes groundwater to flow from east to west and to the topographic low. Monthly measured and pressure transducer data established seasonal pressure responses and upward groundwater gradients. All basin groundwater is lost to evapotranspiration at the topographic low, where a thin salt pan has developed. Groundwater evolves from fresh to hypersaline near the alluvial fan/playa interface where there is an inverted salinity gradient and a groundwater pressure ridge. The pressure ridge and inverted salinity interface are due to: (1) osmotic pressure established between the oolitic sand of high hydraulic conductivity and the overlying low-hydraulic-conductivity lake mud at the fan/playa interface, and (2) the collision between fresh groundwater flow driven by a steep hydraulic head and hypersaline groundwater flow driven by a nearly flat hydraulic head.



中文翻译:

高盐内流盆地(美国大盆地)的浅层地下水流和淡水/盐水界面的倒置

飞行员谷是美国西部一个828公里2的干旱区背胶盆地。边界山脉在几乎平坦的379 km 2上方上升了1,900 m普拉亚地板。盆地底部的表层形成了长达3.8 m的更新世博纳维尔湖泥和薄的橄榄石砂层。使用来自浅层监测井和钻孔,泉水,渗透仪测量,段塞和稀释测试,地球物理样线以及精确海拔调查的数据评估了地下水条件。冲积扇地下水在扇/滩界面处涌出,并向盆地西侧的浅盆地沉积物下溢。地下水仅沿东侧流入。精密测量在坡度上建立了邦纳维尔湖沿岸断裂,这是春季泄洪的原因。构造倾斜使地下水从东向西流动并到达地形低点。每月测得的和压力传感器的数据确定了季节性压力响应和向上的地下水梯度。在形成薄盐盆的地形低处,流域的蒸散使所有盆地地下水丧失。地下水从冲积扇/普拉亚界面附近的新鲜盐分演变成高盐分,那里盐度梯度倒置,并且地下水压力脊高。压力脊和反盐度界面是由于:(1)高水导率的油砂和扇/滩界面上覆盖的低水电导率的湖泥之间的渗透压,以及(2)鲜水之间的碰撞由陡峭的液压头驱动的地下水流和由近乎平直的液压头驱动的高盐分地下水流。在形成薄盐盆的地形低处,流域的蒸散使所有盆地地下水丧失。地下水从冲积扇/普拉亚界面附近的新鲜盐分演变成高盐分,那里盐度梯度倒置,并且地下水压力脊高。压力脊和反盐度界面是由于:(1)高水导率的油砂和扇/滩界面上覆盖的低水电导率的湖泥之间的渗透压,以及(2)鲜水之间的碰撞由陡峭的液压头驱动的地下水流和由近乎平直的液压头驱动的高盐分地下水流。在形成薄盐盆的地形低处,流域的蒸散使所有盆地地下水丧失。地下水从冲积扇/普拉亚界面附近的新鲜盐分演变成高盐分,那里盐度梯度倒置,并且地下水压力脊高。压力脊和反盐度界面是由于:(1)高水导率的油砂和扇/滩界面上覆盖的低水电导率的湖泥之间的渗透压,以及(2)鲜水之间的碰撞由陡峭的液压头驱动的地下水流和由近乎平直的液压头驱动的高盐分地下水流。地下水从冲积扇/普拉亚界面附近的新鲜盐分演变成高盐分,那里盐度梯度倒置,并且地下水压力脊高。压力脊和反盐度界面是由于:(1)高水导率的油砂和扇/滩界面上覆盖的低水电导率的湖泥之间的渗透压,以及(2)鲜水之间的碰撞由陡峭的液压头驱动的地下水流和由近乎平直的液压头驱动的高盐分地下水流。地下水从冲积扇/普拉亚界面附近的新鲜盐分演变成高盐分,那里盐度梯度倒置,并且地下水压力脊高。压力脊和反盐度界面是由于:(1)高水导率的油砂和扇/滩界面上覆盖的低水电导率的湖泥之间的渗透压,以及(2)鲜水之间的碰撞由陡峭的液压头驱动的地下水流和由近乎平直的液压头驱动的高盐分地下水流。

更新日期:2020-08-12
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