With the increased use of agricultural machinery in field operations, soil compaction has become increasingly severe, and the plough pan has become deeper. Subsoiling is an excellent way to address this problem. However, it is limited by high energy consumption, which is closely related to tillage force. To investigate the effect of the geometric shape of shanks and tines on tillage force and soil disturbance in loam, a layered soil model in accordance with the actual conditions was established and five different subsoilers were simulated via discrete element modeling. The results indicated that the shank impacted soil disturbance and tine impacted tillage force. The draft force of curved shank and chisel tine was 8% less than that of the straight shank and sweep tine. The straight shank and sweep tine produced a larger furrow profile and a higher furrow width. The subsoiler with curved shank and chisel tine (C-C) exhibited the lowest specific resistance (12.87, 17.52, 19.46 and 21.18 kN/m² in the 30, 35, 40 and 45 cm tillage depth, respectively) considering the draft force and soil disturbance characteristics. Hence, these results will facilitate in the selection of a suitable subsoiler and design of new subsoilers with lower energy consumption requirements for loam areas worldwide.

中文翻译：

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基于DEM的不同几何形状的深层耕作机耕作力和扰动特性

随着农业机械在田间作业中的使用越来越多，土壤压实变得越来越严重，犁盘越来越深。深松是解决此问题的极好方法。但是，它受到高能耗的限制，而高能耗与耕作力密切相关。为了研究小腿和尖齿的几何形状对壤土耕作力和土壤扰动的影响，建立了根据实际情况的分层土壤模型，并通过离散元模拟对五个不同的深层土壤进行了模拟。结果表明，小腿影响了土壤扰动，叉齿影响了耕作力。曲柄和凿齿的拔模力比直柄和扫齿的拔模力低8％。直柄和扫齿产生更大的犁沟轮廓和更大的犁沟宽度。带有弯曲柄和凿齿（CC）的深松机表现出最低的比电阻（12.87、17.52、19.46和21.18 kN / m^分别在30、35、40和45厘米耕作深度中的2处）考虑了吃水力和土壤扰动特性。因此，这些结果将有助于在全球范围内为壤土地区选择合适的底土和设计具有较低能耗要求的新底土。