This paper aims to noninvasively estimate the sizes and locations of tumors via the surface temperature in the skin tissue. The famous 2D Pennes bioheat transfer equation is used to describe the heat transfer behavior in the skin tissue, which is solved by the recently-developed meshless generalized finite difference method (GFDM) in the proposed solver. The hybrid optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM) is introduced to estimate the sizes and locations of tumors. The efficiency of the proposed GA–LM–GFDM solver is verified under several benchmark examples. Numerical investigation shows that the tumor characteristics can still be accurately estimated with the contaminated temperature data measured on the skin surface.

中文翻译：

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通过无网格搭配求解器估计皮肤组织中的肿瘤特征

本文旨在通过皮肤组织中的表面温度无创地估计肿瘤的大小和位置。著名的 2D Pennes 生物传热方程用于描述皮肤组织中的传热行为，在所提出的求解器中通过最近开发的无网格广义有限差分法 (GFDM) 求解。引入基于遗传算法（GA）和Levenberg-Marquardt算法（LM）的混合优化算法来估计肿瘤的大小和位置。在几个基准示例下验证了所提出的 GA-LM-GFDM 求解器的效率。数值研究表明，肿瘤特征仍然可以通过在皮肤表面测量的污染温度数据准确估计。