Container-based virtualization has recently been flourishing due to its ease of deployment and flexibility of resource provisioning. Kubernetes, a well-known open source project, is an orchestration platform for containerized applications. Herein, applications can have multiple replicas to provide high scalability and availability, but some applications for stateful service require a leader to be elected to maintain consistency and coordinate tasks among the replicas. In this article, the Kubernetes architecture is first analyzed by focusing on load balancing, a leader election algorithm, and a leader-based consistency maintenance mechanism. Then we address the following challenges: the leader has heavy loads due to its inherent design, and the Kubernetes leader election algorithm cannot evenly distribute the leader throughout nodes. Finally, experimental results are provided to prove the importance of leader distribution throughout nodes in the cluster for highly scalable load balancing.

中文翻译：

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在 Kubernetes 集群中实现高度可扩展的负载平衡

由于易于部署和灵活的资源配置，基于容器的虚拟化最近蓬勃发展。Kubernetes，一个著名的开源项目，是一个容器化应用的编排平台。在这里，应用程序可以有多个副本来提供高可扩展性和可用性，但是一些有状态服务的应用程序需要选举一个领导者来维护副本之间的一致性和协调任务。本文首先从负载均衡、leader选举算法、基于leader的一致性维护机制等方面分析Kubernetes架构。然后我们解决以下挑战：领导者由于其固有的设计而具有重负载，并且Kubernetes领导者选举算法无法在整个节点中平均分配领导者。最后，