Computation-guided design of high-performance flexible thermoelectric modules for sunlight-to-electricity conversion,Energy & Environmental Science

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Computation-guided design of high-performance flexible thermoelectric modules for sunlight-to-electricity conversion
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ee01895c
Shengduo Xu _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Min Hong _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Xiaolei Shi _{4,

5,

6,

7} , Meng Li _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Qiang Sun _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Qixiang Chen _{8,

9,

10,

11} , Matthew Dargusch _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Jin Zou _{1,

2,

3,

4,

12} , Zhi-Gang Chen _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Due to the outstanding mechanical endurance and easy scale-up fabrication, printed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are a promising thermoelectric material. However, their low thermoelectric performance, unreasonable device design and insufficient temperature gradient have significantly hindered the development of flexible PEDOT:PSS-based thermoelectric devices for their practical applications. To overcome these challenges, here we propose a novel method combining ethylene glycol pre-treatment and H₂SO₄ post-treatment plus tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene post-treatment in sequence to engineer printed flexible PEDOT:PSS films. The ethylene glycol pre-treatment strengthens the selective removal of excess non-ionized PSS to create a clear path for the further H₂SO₄ post-treatment, and in turn induces a structural conformation transition of the conjugated carbon chains in PEDOT:PSS films. The final tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene post-treatment induces a high power factor of 224 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² at room temperature by tuning the oxidation level of the fabricated PEDOT:PSS films. More importantly, we employ thermodynamic numerical analysis to computationally design and assemble a flexible module using the optimized PEDOT:PSS films. Such a module yields a record-high power output density of 3 μW cm⁻² at a temperature gradient of 44.5 K induced by harvesting sunlight, and has no notable performance change after mechanical (1000 bending cycles), air stability (30-day air exposure) and thermal stability (20 heating and cooling cycles) tests. This study indicates that our computation-guided module can be widely applied to supply power for micro-watt electronics by virtue of the high-efficiency sunlight-to-electricity conversion.

中文翻译：

高性能柔性热电模块的计算引导设计，可实现阳光到电的转换

由于出色的机械耐久性和易于放大制造的特点，印刷的聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸盐）（PEDOT：PSS）薄膜是一种很有前途的热电材料。但是，它们的低热电性能，不合理的设备设计以及不足的温度梯度严重阻碍了基于PEDOT：PSS的柔性热电设备在其实际应用中的发展。为了克服这些挑战，在这里我们提出了一种结合乙二醇预处理和H ₂ SO ₄的新方法后处理加上四（二甲基氨基）乙烯后处理，以对印刷的柔性PEDOT：PSS膜进行工程设计。乙二醇预处理可增强选择性去除过量未电离PSS的能力，从而为进一步的H ₂ SO ₄后处理创造一条清晰的路径，进而诱发PEDOT：PSS膜中共轭碳链的结构构象转变。最终的四（二甲基氨基）乙烯后处理可产生224μWm ^-1 K ^-2的高功率因数在室温下，通过调节制成的PEDOT：PSS薄膜的氧化水平来实现。更重要的是，我们使用热力学数值分析来使用优化的PEDOT：PSS膜进行设计和组装柔性模块。这种模块在收集太阳光引起的44.5 K温度梯度下产生了创纪录的3μWcm ^-2的高功率输出密度，并且在机械（1000次弯曲循环），空气稳定性（30天空气）后没有明显的性能变化暴露）和热稳定性（20个加热和冷却循环）测试。这项研究表明，凭借高效的阳光到电的转换，我们的计算指导模块可以广泛应用于微瓦电子产品的供电。

更新日期：2020-10-14

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