The Negative Compatibility Effect (NCE) is slower reaction times (RTs) to report the direction of a target arrow that follows a matching prime arrow. The cause has been debated, with some studies indicating perception, while others indicate a response effect. We applied the neural habituation model of Huber and O'Reilly (2003) to the NCE, explaining the varied results as reflecting changes in the timing of events. We developed a novel variant of the NCE task, specifying the perceptual dynamics of orientation priming as measured with threshold accuracy. This revealed a transition from positive to negative priming as a function of prime duration, and a second experiment ruled out response priming. The perceptual dynamics of the neural habituation model were fit to these results and the parameter values were fixed in applying the model to the NCE literature. Application of the model to RTs necessitated a response representation that accumulates response information during the trial. Our results indicate that the NCE reflects rapid perceptual priming and slower response priming. Because the accumulation of response information is slow and does not suffer from habituation, the response factor of the prime is a positive effect (lingering response information). In contrast, because perceptual activation is fast and habituates, the perceptual factor can be positive or negative priming depending on the timing of the display sequence. These factors interact with the post-prime mask, which can prime the alternative direction when the mask is a related mask created by combining arrows pointing in both directions.

中文翻译：

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负兼容性效应的神经习性账户

负兼容性效应（NCE）是较慢的反应时间（RTs），用于报告跟随匹配主箭头的目标箭头的方向。原因已被辩论，一些研究表明感知，而另一些表明反应效应。我们将Huber和O'Reilly（2003）的神经习性模型应用于NCE，解释了反映事件发生时间变化的各种结果。我们开发了NCE任务的新颖变体，指定了以阈值精度测量的定向启动的感知动力学。这揭示了作为启动时间的函数，从正启动到负启动的过渡，第二个实验排除了响应启动。神经适应模型的知觉动力学适合于这些结果，并且在将该模型应用于NCE文献时固定了参数值。将该模型应用于RTs，需要一个响应表示，该响应表示在试验期间会积累响应信息。我们的结果表明，NCE反映了快速的感知启动和较慢的响应启动。因为响应信息的积累很慢并且没有习惯性，所以素数的响应因子是积极的影响（持续的响应信息）。相反，由于知觉激活快速并且习惯，因此取决于显示序列的时间，知觉因素可以是正启动或负启动。这些因素与底漆后的面膜相互作用，