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Identification and Quantification of Antipsychotics in Blood Samples by LC-MS-MS: Case Reports and Data from Three Years of Routine Analysis.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa100
Paula Proença 1 , Carla Monteiro 1 , Carla Mustra 1 , Alda Claro 1 , João Franco 2 , Francisco Corte-Real 1, 3
Affiliation  

Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are widely prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. The pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia is often performed with the simultaneous use of two or more antipsychotic agents to achieve the desired control of psychotic symptoms Available AP include both conventional (typical) and new (atypical) antipsychotic medications. Atypical AP, such as quetiapine, now account for the vast majority of AP prescriptions. In forensic toxicology, AP are of considerable interest because of their potential abuse and their involvement in intoxications and suicides. The authors retrospectively examined AP positive cases detected in samples collected during autopsies performed in the Forensic Clinical and Pathology Service of National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Centre Branch or in other autopsies carried out in the central region of Portugal, between January 2016 and December 2018. A quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 AP (amisulpride, aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, clozapine, cyamemazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, promethazine, quetiapine, risperidone, sulpiride and ziprasidone) in blood samples of postmortem cases. The Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology received 3,588 requests for toxicological analysis: 1,413 cases were positive for drugs from which 351 (24.8%) cases were positive for AP, 60.1% from male individuals and 39.9% from female. Quetiapine was the most prevalent AP (36.5%) followed by olanzapine (20.8%). During this period, there were 25 postmortem cases with AP blood concentrations above therapeutic range, in which 36% of those are in agreement with the information received (psychological history or acute intoxication suspicion) and the manner of death was suicide. Our results point that antipsychotics are an increasingly prevalent class of drugs. AP must be measured not only in toxic concentrations but also in therapeutic levels in postmortem cases; therefore, it is important to come up with a sensitive method to cover the low therapeutic range in which AP are usually present.


中文翻译:

通过LC-MS-MS鉴定和定量血液样本中的抗精神病药:病例报告和三年常规分析数据。

摘要
抗精神病药(AP)被广泛指定用于治疗精神分裂症和精神病。精神分裂症的药理学治疗通常是同时使用两种或多种抗精神病药物来实现对精神病症状的预期控制。可用的AP包括常规(典型)和新的(非典型)抗精神病药物。现在,非典型AP(例如喹硫平)占AP处方的绝大多数。在法医毒理学中,AP由于潜在的滥用以及涉及中毒和自杀而备受关注。作者回顾性研究了在2016年1月至12月之间在国家法律医学与法医学中心中心法医临床和病理服务部门进行的尸体解剖样本中或在葡萄牙中部地区进行的其他尸体解剖样本中检测到的AP阳性病例2018年。开发了一种定量液相色谱-串联质谱测定法,用于同时测定16种AP(阿米普利,阿立哌唑,氯丙嗪,氯氮平,阿曼嗪,氟苯那嗪,氟哌啶醇,左氧丙嗪,美拉酮,奥氮平,帕潘立酮,异丙嗪,喹硫平,喹硫平,和齐拉西酮)。法医化学和毒理学实验室收到3,588项毒理分析请求:药物阳性413例,其中AP阳性351例(24.8%),男性占60.1%,女性39.9%。喹硫平是最普遍的AP(36.5%),其次是奥氮平(20.8%)。在此期间,有25例AP血药浓度高于治疗范围的死后病例,其中36%与所接受的信息(心理病史或急性中毒嫌疑)相符,并且死亡方式为自杀。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。男性占1%,女性占39.9%。喹硫平是最普遍的AP(36.5%),其次是奥氮平(20.8%)。在此期间,有25例AP血药浓度高于治疗范围的死后病例,其中36%与所接受的信息(心理病史或急性中毒嫌疑)相符,并且死亡方式为自杀。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。男性占1%,女性占39.9%。喹硫平是最普遍的AP(36.5%),其次是奥氮平(20.8%)。在此期间,有25例AP血药浓度高于治疗范围的死后病例,其中36%与所接受的信息(心理病史或急性中毒嫌疑)相符,并且死亡方式为自杀。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。有25例AP血药浓度高于治疗范围的死后病例,其中36%与所接受的信息(心理病史或急性中毒嫌疑)相符,并且死亡方式为自杀。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。有25例AP血药浓度高于治疗范围的死后病例,其中36%与所接受的信息(心理病史或急性中毒嫌疑)相符,并且死亡方式为自杀。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。我们的结果表明,抗精神病药已成为越来越普遍的药物。必须在死后病例中不仅以毒性浓度还应以治疗水平来测量AP;因此,重要的是要找到一种敏感的方法来覆盖通常存在AP的低治疗范围。
更新日期:2020-12-12
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