The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample sizen≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.

中文翻译：

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来自南大洋的内寄生多样性：南极鱼真的很低吗？

本研究比较了从南极和亚南极地区获得的鱼类体内寄生虫的生物多样性和组成。夏季从南极洲（乔治王岛）和南太平洋沿岸（麦哲伦海峡和阿尔米兰特蒙特湾）收集了几条鱼。该数据库补充了两个区域的鱼类体内寄生虫群落的已发布信息，以及鱼类样本大小的标本n≥ 15。因此，本研究分析了 31 种鱼类，共有 79 种寄生虫。计算每种鱼类的寄生虫群落的多样性指数。然后将它们在南极和亚南极区域之间进行比较。还分析和比较了区域之间的寄生虫物种组成和宿主特异性（作为寄生虫物种使用的鱼类数量）。南极鱼类的多样性指数和寄生虫丰度明显高于亚南极鱼类。两个区域的鱼之间共享的寄生虫种类很少（7.6%），表明寄生虫组成存在显着差异。与亚南极寄生虫相比，南极寄生虫对宿主的特异性较低，这使得鱼体内可以共存几种寄生虫。南极鱼类的高寄生虫丰度可能会引发某些寄生虫谱系的同域物种形成或对新资源的开发，导致寄生虫种类比亚南极环境中的更多。南极寄生虫的高丰度意味着与亚南极寄生虫不同的传播方式和传播速度。此外，与亚南极寄生虫相比，南极使用的替代鱼类宿主更多。这完全表明南极和亚南极系统之间的宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用动力学存在显着差异。南极寄生虫的高丰度意味着与亚南极寄生虫不同的传播方式和传播速度。此外，与亚南极寄生虫相比，南极使用的替代鱼类宿主更多。这完全表明南极和亚南极系统之间的宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用动力学存在显着差异。南极寄生虫的高丰度意味着与亚南极寄生虫不同的传播方式和传播速度。此外，与亚南极寄生虫相比，南极使用的替代鱼类宿主更多。这完全表明南极和亚南极系统之间的宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用动力学存在显着差异。