The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous functions in both benign melanocytes and melanoma cells. cAMP is generated from two distinct sources, transmembrane and soluble adenylyl cyclases (tmAC and sAC, respectively), and is degraded by a family of proteins called phosphodiesterases (PDEs). cAMP signaling can be regulated in many different ways and can lead to varied effects in melanocytes. It was recently revealed that distinct cAMP signaling pathways regulate pigmentation by either altering pigment gene expression or the pH of melanosomes. In the context of melanoma, many studies report seemingly contradictory roles for cAMP in tumorigenesis. For example, cAMP signaling has been implicated in both cancer promotion and suppression, as well as both therapy resistance and sensitization. This conundrum in the field may be explained by the fact that cAMP signals in discrete microdomains and each microdomain can mediate differential cellular functions. Here, we review the role of cAMP signaling microdomains in benign melanocyte biology, focusing on pigmentation, and in melanomagenesis.

中文翻译：

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黑色素细胞色素沉着和黑色素瘤发生中的环状单磷酸腺苷 (cAMP) 信号传导。

第二信使环磷酸腺苷 (cAMP) 在良性黑素细胞和黑素瘤细胞中调节多种功能。cAMP 由两种不同的来源产生，即跨膜和可溶性腺苷酸环化酶（分别为 tmAC 和 sAC），并被称为磷酸二酯酶 (PDE) 的蛋白质家族降解。cAMP 信号可以通过许多不同的方式进行调节，并且可以对黑素细胞产生不同的影响。最近发现，不同的 cAMP 信号通路通过改变色素基因表达或黑素体的 pH 值来调节色素沉着。在黑色素瘤的背景下，许多研究报告了 cAMP 在肿瘤发生中看似矛盾的作用。例如，cAMP 信号与癌症的促进和抑制以及治疗抵抗和致敏有关。该领域的这一难题可以通过以下事实来解释：离散微域中的 cAMP 信号和每个微域可以介导不同的细胞功能。在这里，我们回顾了 cAMP 信号微域在良性黑素细胞生物学中的作用，重点是色素沉着和黑素瘤发生。