Lakes have often been treated as one‐dimensional entities for energy balance (EB) studies mostly based on point measurements. Therefore, our knowledge of the spatial variability of lake EB is quite limited. We created EB maps of Lake Kasumigaura, a 172‐km² shallow lake in Japan, with a 90‐m horizontal resolution at a 3‐hr interval over 5 years based on spatially interpolated meteorological variables and water surface temperature, with turbulent fluxes estimated by the bulk equations. The results indicate that turbulent fluxes and total energy flux into water body G were spatially variable while radiative fluxes were more uniform. The spatial variability of turbulent fluxes averaged over a season, a year, and 5 years was mainly caused by wind speed difference; a longer fetch in downwind areas of the lake resulted in strong winds and higher turbulent fluxes. The spatial difference of turbulent fluxes and quasi‐uniform net radiation caused a total energy flux out of the water in the downwind area and a total energy flux into the lake in an upwind area. This spatial difference of G appeared to be compensated by heat transport from the upwind to downwind area through advection due to lake current.

中文翻译：

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风是102 km2浅湖中表面能平衡空间变异的主要驱动力：日本霞浦湖

湖泊通常被视为能量平衡（EB）研究的一维实体，主要基于点测量。因此，我们对EB湖的空间变异性的认识非常有限。我们根据空间插值的气象变量和水面温度，以5年为间隔的3小时，在日本间隔172 km ^2的浅水湖Kasumigaura创建了EB地图，水平分辨率为90 m，其湍流通量为整体方程。结果表明，进入水体G的湍流和总能量通量在空间上可变，而辐射通量更均匀。一个季节，一年和五年平均湍流的空间变异性主要是由风速差异引起的。在湖的顺风地区取水时间更长，导致了强风和更高的湍流。湍流和准均匀净辐射的空间差异导致顺风区域的总能量通量从水中流出，而顺风区域的总能量通量进入湖泊。G的这种空间差异似乎是由于湖流通过平流从上风向下风区域的热传输所补偿的。