Three N‐alkyl bis‐quaternary ammonium salt surfactants were synthesized by using epichlorohydrin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and N,N‐dimethylalkyl amine as raw materials in a two‐step manner. The products were characterized by ¹H NMR and MS, confirming the successful synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐N¹,N¹,N³,N³‐tetramethyl‐N³‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPDDC), 2‐Hydroxy‐N¹,N¹,N³,N³‐tetramethyl‐N³‐tetradecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPTDC), and 2‐Hydroxy‐N¹, N¹, N³, N³‐tetramethyl‐N³‐hexadecylpropane‐1,3‐diammonium chloride (HPHDC). Moreover, the influence of carbon chain length on surface‐active properties, foaming properties, and paraffin liquid emulsion stability was investigated. Results indicated that critical micelle concentrations (cmc) decreased with increasing carbon chain length from 12 to 16, and the cmc and γ_cmc were lower than those of Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC). The products exhibited better foam properties and worse emulsifying performance than those of DTAC. The Krafft points of all products were determined to be below 0 °C. Moreover, the products also demonstrated outstanding antibacterial properties.

中文翻译：

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三种N烷基双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与性能

以表氯醇，盐酸三甲胺和N，N-二甲基烷基胺为原料，分两步合成了三种N-烷基双季铵盐表面活性剂。产品经¹ H NMR和MS表征，确认成功合成了2-羟基N ¹，N ¹，N ³，N ^3-四甲基-N ^3-十二烷基丙烷-1,3-二氯化铵（HPDDC），2 -羟基-N ¹，N ¹，N ³，N ³-四甲基-N ^3-十四烷基丙烷-1,3-二氯化铵（HPTDC）和2-羟基-N ¹，N ¹，N ³，N ^3-四甲基-N ^3-十六烷基丙烷-1,3-二氯化铵（HPHDC ）。此外，研究了碳链长度对表面活性，起泡性和石蜡液体乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明，临界胶束浓度（CMC）随着碳链长度减少从12至16，和CMC和γ _CMC低于十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）。与DTAC相比，该产品具有更好的泡沫性能和更差的乳化性能。所有产品的Krafft点均确定为低于0°C。此外，该产品还显示出出色的抗菌性能。