NASA's InSight landed in Elysium Planitia (~4.5°N,136°E) at L_s ~ 296° (November 2018), right after the decay of the 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS) and before the onset of the 2019 Large Dust Storm (LDS) at L_s ~ 320° (January 2019). InSight's cameras observed a rise in the atmospheric opacities during the storm from ~0.7 to ~1.9, similarly to contemporaneous measurements by Curiosity in Gale crater. Pressure tides were strongly affected at the locations of InSight and Curiosity. In particular, the diurnal pressure mode experienced an abrupt increase during the onset of the LDS, similar to that measured by Curiosity, most likely due to longitudinally asymmetric dust loading. Later, the dust was redistributed around the planet and the semidiurnal mode evolved according to dust opacity in both missions. Before and after the onset of the storm, the observed wind patterns resulted from the interaction between regional and local slope flows induced by topography, which all produced a diurnal perturbation superimposed on a mean flow, dominated by the Hadley cell but with modifications due to channeling effects from the regional topography. However, the onset of the LDS modified this to a scenario consistent with enhanced tidal flows. The local air temperatures are strongly perturbed by the lander's thermal effects, and their retrieval significantly depends on wind patterns, which changed during the course of the dust storm. Observations suggest a decrease in convective vortices during the dust storm; however, vortex activity remained strong during the storm's onset due to the increase in wind speeds.

中文翻译：

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火星极乐世界的InSight测量了近地表大气层沙尘暴的影响。火星科学实验室与同期测量的比较

NASA的洞见降落在埃律西昂（〜4.5°N，136°E）为L_小号 〜296°（2018年11月），2018年全球沙尘暴（GDS）的衰变后右和2019大沙尘暴发病前（LDS）在L _s 〜320°（2019年1月）。InSight的相机观测到暴风雨期间大气不透明度从〜0.7上升至〜1.9，这与大风火山口的好奇心同时进行的测量相似。InSight和“好奇心”地区的压力潮受到严重影响。特别是，在LDS发作期间，昼夜压力模式突然增加，类似于通过好奇心测得的压力增加，很可能是由于纵向不对称的粉尘负荷所致。后来，尘埃在行星周围重新分布，并且在两个任务中，根据尘埃不透明性发展了半日模式。在暴风雨发生前后，观测到的风型是由地形引起的区域和局部斜坡流之间的相互作用产生的，它们都产生了叠加在平均流上的昼夜扰动，由Hadley单元主导，但由于区域地形的沟道效应而进行了修改。但是，LDS的发作将其修改为与潮汐流量增加一致的情况。着陆器的热效应极大地影响了当地的空气温度，其取回很大程度上取决于在沙尘暴过程中变化的风型。观测表明，沙尘暴期间对流涡旋的减少。然而，由于风速的增加，在暴风雨开始时旋涡活动仍然很强。它们的取回很大程度上取决于在沙尘暴过程中变化的风型。观测表明，沙尘暴期间对流涡旋的减少。然而，由于风速的增加，在暴风雨开始时旋涡活动仍然很强。它们的取回很大程度上取决于在沙尘暴过程中变化的风型。观测表明，沙尘暴期间对流涡旋的减少。然而，由于风速的增加，在暴风雨开始时旋涡活动仍然很强。