Noise during mouthbrooding impairs maternal care behaviors and juvenile development and alters brain transcriptomes in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni,Genes, Brain and Behavior

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Noise during mouthbrooding impairs maternal care behaviors and juvenile development and alters brain transcriptomes in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni
Genes, Brain and Behavior ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 , DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12692
Julie M Butler _{1,

2} , Karen P Maruska ₁

Affiliation

Anthropogenic noise has increased underwater ambient sound levels in the range in which most fishes detect and produce acoustic signals. Although the impacts of increased background noise on fish development have been studied in a variety of species, there is a paucity of information on how noise affects parental care. Mouthbrooding is an energetically costly form of parental care in which the brooding fish carries developing larvae in the buccal cavity for the duration of development. In the African cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni, females carry their brood for ~2 weeks during which time they do not eat. To test the hypothesis that increased background noise impacts maternal care behaviors and brood development, we exposed brooding females to a 3‐h period of excess noise (~140 dB) played through an underwater speaker. Over half of noise‐exposed brooding females cannibalized or pre‐maturely released their brood, but 90% of control females exhibited normal brooding behaviors. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that transcripts related to feeding and parental care were differentially expressed in the brains of noise‐exposed females. Juveniles that were exposed to noise during their brood period within the mother's mouth had lower body condition factors, higher mortality and altered head transcriptomes compared with control broods. Furthermore, onset of adult‐typical coloration and behaviors was delayed compared with control fish. Together, these data indicate that noise has severe impacts on reproductive fitness in mouthbrooding females. Our results, combined with past studies, indicate that parental care stages are extremely susceptible to noise‐induced perturbations with detrimental effects on species persistence.

中文翻译：

口育过程中的噪音会损害母体护理行为和幼体发育，并改变非洲慈鲷 Astatotilapia burtoni 的大脑转录组

在大多数鱼类检测和产生声学信号的范围内，人为噪声增加了水下环境声级。尽管已经在多种物种中研究了背景噪音增加对鱼类发育的影响，但关于噪音如何影响父母照顾的信息却很少。育雏是一种耗能巨大的亲代照料形式，育雏鱼在发育期间在口腔内携带发育中的幼虫。在非洲慈鲷Astatotilapia burtoni，雌性携带它们的育雏约 2 周，在此期间它们不吃东西。为了检验增加的背景噪音会影响母体护理行为和育雏发育的假设，我们将育雏的雌性暴露在通过水下扬声器播放的 3 小时过量噪音（~140 dB）中。超过一半的暴露于噪音的育雏雌性蚕食或过早释放它们的育雏，但 90% 的对照雌性表现出正常的育雏行为。RNA-seq 分析显示，与喂养和父母照料相关的转录本在暴露于噪音的女性大脑中存在差异表达。与对照组相比，在母体口中的育雏期暴露于噪音的幼体具有较低的身体状况因素、较高的死亡率和改变的头部转录组。此外，与对照鱼相比，成年典型颜色和行为的发生延迟。总之，这些数据表明噪音对育雏雌性的生殖健康有严重影响。我们的结果与过去的研究相结合，表明父母照顾阶段极易受到噪声引起的扰动，从而对物种的持久性产生不利影响。

更新日期：2020-08-10

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