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Pasture management, grazing, and fire interact to determine wetland provisioning in a subtropical agroecosystem
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3209
Grégory Sonnier 1 , Pedro F. Quintana‐Ascencio 1, 2 , Patrick J. Bohlen 2 , John E. Fauth 2 , David G. Jenkins 2 , Elizabeth H. Boughton 1
Affiliation  

Wetlands in agroecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services, including provisioning services such as forage production. Here, we examine how pasture management intensity (semi‐natural pastures vs. highly managed pastures (fertilized, heavily drained, planted with productive grasses), cattle exclusion (grazed vs. fenced), prescribed fire (burned vs. unburned), and their interactions affect provisioning services provided by small, isolated, and seasonally flooded wetlands in subtropical pastures and rangelands. We used a replicated, full‐factorial experiment on 40 seasonally flooded wetlands located in Florida (USA), and measured standing plant biomass and annual net primary productivity in each wetland. Biomass was sorted by species to calculate species abundance of palatable and unpalatable plants. We used general linear mixed models to evaluate the effect of treatments and their interactions on biomass quantity, plant tissue nutrients (% C, % N, and % P), and forage nutritive value (using in vitro organic matter digestibility). Plant standing biomass and productivity were greatest in wetlands embedded in highly managed pastures, but in grazed wetlands, a large proportion of this biomass was unpalatable to cattle. Excluding cattle from wetlands in highly managed pastures increased productivity, standing biomass, and the amount of palatable species (~6.3 t/ha) compared to grazed wetlands (~3.3 t/ha), especially when these wetlands were also exposed to prescribed fire. Total P in plant tissue was consistently higher in wetlands within highly managed pastures, but total N responses to treatments varied between years. In vitro digestibility was higher in vegetation from wetlands within highly managed pastures, but not in fenced wetlands despite the higher amount of palatable species, suggesting that palatability and digestibility were decoupled. Subtropical wetlands in agroecosystems provide substantial provisioning services, and our study suggests that targeted management can increase these services. However, the pasture type surrounding a wetland interacts with grazing and fire management to affect provisioning services. We propose that fencing off selected wetlands (specifically in highly managed pastures) followed by low‐intensity grazing with adequate resting periods could benefit ranchers and have less persistent impacts on this ecosystem.

中文翻译:

牧场管理,放牧和火灾相互作用,以确定亚热带农业生态系统中的湿地供应

农业生态系统中的湿地提供多种生态系统服务,包括诸如饲料生产之类的供应服务。在这里,我们研究了牧场管理强度(半天然牧场与高度管理的牧场(受精,排水严重,种植有生产力的草),牛排斥(草皮或围栏),明火(焚烧与未焚烧)及其强度如何。相互作用会影响亚热带草场和牧场中小型,孤立和季节性淹没的湿地提供的调配服务,我们对美国佛罗里达州的40个季节性淹没的湿地进行了重复的全要素试验,并测量了固定植物生物量和年度净初级生产力按物种对生物质进行分类,以计算可口和不可口植物的物种丰度。我们使用通用的线性混合模型来评估处理及其相互作用对生物量,植物组织养分(%C,%N和%P)和饲草营养价值(使用体外有机物消化率)的影响。在高度管理的牧场内的湿地中,植物站立时的生物量和生产力最大,但是在放牧的湿地中,这种生物量的很大一部分对牲畜来说是难吃的。与放牧的湿地(〜3.3 t / ha)相比,在高度管理的牧场中将牛从湿地中排除,可提高生产力,站立的生物量和可食用物种的数量(〜6.3 t / ha),尤其是当这些湿地也暴露于规定的火势下时。在高度管理的牧场内,湿地中植物组织中的总磷一直较高,但是不同处理对氮的总反应年间不同。在高度管理的牧场中,湿地植被的体外消化率较高,但围栏湿地的体外消化率较高,尽管适口物种的数量较高,这表明适口性和消化率是分离的。农业生态系统中的亚热带湿地提供大量的供应服务,我们的研究表明,有针对性的管理可以增加这些服务。但是,湿地周围的牧场类型会与放牧和火灾管理相互作用,从而影响供应服务。我们建议,在选定的湿地(特别是在管理有序的牧场)上围栏,然后进行低强度放牧并有足够的休息时间,可以使牧场主受益,并且对这一生态系统的持久影响较小。但是在围栏湿地中却没有,尽管可食物种的数量较多,这表明适口性和消化率是分离的。农业生态系统中的亚热带湿地提供了大量的供应服务,我们的研究表明,有针对性的管理可以增加这些服务。但是,湿地周围的牧场类型会与放牧和火灾管理相互作用,从而影响供应服务。我们建议,在选定的湿地(特别是在管理有序的牧场)上围栏,然后进行低强度放牧并有足够的休息时间,可以使牧场主受益,并且对这一生态系统的持久影响较小。但是在围栏湿地中却没有,尽管可食物种的数量较多,这表明适口性和消化率是分离的。农业生态系统中的亚热带湿地提供了大量的供应服务,我们的研究表明,有针对性的管理可以增加这些服务。但是,湿地周围的牧场类型会与放牧和火灾管理相互作用,从而影响供应服务。我们建议,在选定的湿地(特别是在管理有序的牧场)上围栏,然后进行低强度放牧并有足够的休息时间,可以使牧场主受益,并且对这一生态系统的持久影响较小。我们的研究表明,有针对性的管理可以增加这些服务。但是,湿地周围的牧场类型会与放牧和火灾管理相互作用,从而影响供应服务。我们建议,在选定的湿地(特别是在管理有序的牧场)上围栏,然后进行低强度放牧并有足够的休息时间,可以使牧场主受益,并且对这一生态系统的持久影响较小。我们的研究表明,有针对性的管理可以增加这些服务。但是,湿地周围的牧场类型会与放牧和火灾管理相互作用,从而影响供应服务。我们建议,在选定的湿地(特别是在管理有序的牧场)上围栏,然后进行低强度放牧并有足够的休息时间,可以使牧场主受益,并且对这一生态系统的持久影响较小。
更新日期:2020-08-11
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