Orthographic processing is characterized by location‐invariant and location‐specific processing (Grainger, 2018): (1) strings of letters are more vulnerable to transposition effects than the strings of symbols in same‐different tasks (location‐invariant processing); and (2) strings of letters, but not strings of symbols, show an initial position advantage in target‐in‐string identification tasks (location‐specific processing). To examine the emergence of these two markers of orthographic processing, we conducted a same‐different task and a target‐in‐string identification task with two unfamiliar scripts (pre‐training experiments). Across six training sessions, participants learned to fluently read and write one of these scripts. The post‐training experiments were parallel to the pre‐training experiments. Results showed that the magnitude of the transposed‐letter effect in the same‐different task and the serial function in the target‐in‐string identification tasks were remarkably similar for the trained and untrained scripts. Thus, location‐invariant and location‐specific processing does not emerge rapidly after learning a new script; instead, they may require thorough experience with specific orthographic structures.

中文翻译：

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学习新脚本后，拼字处理会迅速出现吗？

正交处理的特征在于位置不变和位置特定的处理（Grainger，2018）：（1）与相同任务中的符号串相比，字母字符串更容易受到换位效应的影响（位置不变处理）; （2）在目标串识别任务（特定于位置的处理）中，字母字符串而非符号字符串显示出初始位置优势。为了检查这两个正交处理标记的出现，我们使用两个不熟悉的脚本（训练前的实验）执行了相同的任务和字符串目标识别任务。在六个培训课程中，参与者学会了流利地读写其中一种脚本。训练后的实验与训练前的实验平行。结果表明，对于训练有素的脚本和未经训练的脚本，在同一任务中的转置字母效应的大小和在字符串目标中的识别任务中的序列函数非常相似。因此，在学习新脚本后，位置不变和位置特定的处理不会迅速出现。相反，他们可能需要具有特定拼字法结构的透彻经验。