The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), poses a great threat to global amphibian biodiversity. In Peruvian cloud forests of the Kosñipata Valley of Manu National Park where chytrid infection is highly prevalent, we have monitored species‐rich amphibian communities since 1996. An epizootic of chytridiomycosis is thought to have caused the disappearance of 35% of species richness in the early 2000s. We investigated the post‐epizootic Bd prevalence and infection intensity within the remnant amphibian community from 2008 to 2015, and modeled Bd dynamics as a function of species, season, reproductive mode, life stage, and elevation. Prevalence was higher in 2012–2015 than in 2008–2009, but overall prevalence has remained fairly constant (~50%) post‐epizootic. We also found that while prevalence decreased with elevation during the wet season, it generally increased with elevation during the dry season, potentially due to seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation. In aquatic habitats, Bd is likely maintained through a single, stream‐breeding, putative reservoir species (which survived epizootics, in contrast to other aquatic‐breeding species). The now‐dominant terrestrial‐breeding species allow Bd to persist and spread in terrestrial habitats, possibly through individual dispersal into naïve areas. We conclude that Bd prevalence in the Kosñipata Valley has stabilized over time, suggesting that Bd is now enzootic. Long‐term monitoring of host infection is important because temporal changes in prevalence and infection intensity can cause changes in host species richness and abundance, which in turn may alter the trajectory of host–pathogen dynamics.

中文翻译：

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流行病之后：山地热带两栖动物群落中壶菌病高发，宿主-病原体动力学

由巴氏梭菌（Btrachochychy dendrobatidis，Bd）引起的两栖真菌性真菌病菌霉菌病，对全球两栖生物多样性构成了巨大威胁。在Manu国家公园的Kosñipata谷的秘鲁云雾森林中，食糜普遍存在，我们从1996年开始监测物种丰富的两栖动物群落。据认为，壶菌的流行导致35％的物种丰富度在早期消失了。 2000年代。我们调查了2008年至2015年剩余两栖动物群落中流行后Bd的流行率和感染强度，并对Bd进行了建模动态作为物种，季节，繁殖方式，生命阶段和海拔的函数。2012-2015年的患病率高于2008-2009年，但总体流行后的总体患病率保持相当稳定（〜50％）。我们还发现，虽然在潮湿季节流行率随海拔升高而降低，但在干旱季节流行率通常随海拔升高而升高，这可能是由于温度和降水的季节性变化所致。在水生生境中，Bd可能通过单一的，可繁殖的，假定的水库物种（与其他水生繁殖物种相反，在流行病中幸存下来）得以维持。现在占主导地位的陆地繁殖物种使Bd可以在陆地生境中持续存在并传播，这可能是通过个体扩散到幼稚地区而引起的。我们得出结论随着时间的流逝，科斯尼帕塔河谷中的Bd流行率趋于稳定，这表明Bd现在是动物性的。对宿主感染的长期监测很重要，因为流行率和感染强度的时间变化会导致宿主物种丰富度和丰度发生变化，进而改变宿主-病原体动力学的轨迹。