Abstract Green roofs play an important role for cities in mediating some problems caused by urbanization. Mosses are ecologically important plants and capable of tolerating harsh conditions, and thus their use for greening building surfaces has become more common. There is only a little information concerning moss-associated microbes, especially those found in green roof environments. Moss-associated microbes might have significant role on the welfare of green roofs as they might induce both beneficial as well as adverse effects on mosses. In this study, the occurrence of fungal populations was studied on green roofs in Finland. A total of 94 samples were collected from nine different green roofs, and 64 fungal isolates and one oomycete were obtained from the brown, necrotic parts of the collected green roof mosses. The most general isolated fungal genus was Trichoderma, comprising 25 different fungal isolates. The second most common genus was Fusarium, with 15 fungal isolates. The third most common genus was Mucor, with nine fungal isolates. Most of the Trichoderma isolates were described as T. harzianum, whereas most of the Fusarium isolates were described as F. acuminatium. In addition, the genera Phoma and Mortierella were frequently present. Fifty-two of 65 isolates caused symptoms in the model plant Physcomitrella patens. The most harmful Trichoderma isolates were described as T. atroviride, T. viride, T. koningiopsis and T. hamatum, all of which caused severe damage to the protonema, stem and leaves. The most harmful Fusarium isolates were F. acuminatium, F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum. The genera Mucor and Mortierella were isolated but they did not cause detectable symptoms in P. patens. These results indicate that many fungal isolates belonging to different genera are able to colonize mosses on green roofs and some of them cause severe damage to the mosses.

中文翻译：

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真菌病原体感染芬兰苔藓屋顶

摘要 屋顶绿化对城市在调解城市化带来的一些问题方面发挥着重要作用。苔藓是生态上重要的植物，能够忍受恶劣的条件，因此它们用于绿化建筑表面变得越来越普遍。关于苔藓相关微生物的信息很少，尤其是在绿色屋顶环境中发现的微生物。苔藓相关微生物可能对绿色屋顶的福利具有重要作用，因为它们可能对苔藓产生有益和不利的影响。在这项研究中，研究了芬兰绿色屋顶上真菌种群的发生。从九个不同的绿色屋顶收集了总共 94 个样品，从收集的绿色屋顶苔藓的棕色坏死部分获得了 64 株真菌分离物和 1 个卵菌。最常见的分离真菌属是木霉属，包括 25 种不同的真菌分离株。第二个最常见的属是镰刀菌，有 15 个真菌分离株。第三个最常见的属是毛霉属，有九个真菌分离株。大多数木霉分离株被描述为 T. harzianum，而大多数镰刀菌分离株被描述为 F. acuminatium。此外，经常存在Phoma属和Mortierella属。65 个分离株中有 52 个在模式植物 Physcomitrella patens 中引起症状。最有害的木霉分离株被描述为 T. atroviride、T. viride、T. koningiopsis 和 T. hamatum，所有这些都对原丝体、茎和叶造成了严重损害。最有害的镰刀菌分离株是尖尖镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌和三角镰刀菌。毛霉属和被孢霉属被分离出来，但它们在 P. patens 中没有引起可检测的症状。这些结果表明，许多属于不同属的真菌分离物能够在绿色屋顶上定植苔藓，其中一些对苔藓造成严重损害。