Abstract Pollen donor plants (pollinizers) availability and arrangement are considered fundamental to provide compatible pollen to main cultivar ensuring fruit production in apple orchards. Apple farmers manage pollination efficiency by setting the amount of pollinizer plants and the arrangement of pollinizer/main cv. tree within the orchard. Nowadays, an intermixed orchard design, consisting in mixing pollinizer with production trees, is usually adopted. Moreover, it is possible that pollen dispersal could involve pollinizers placed in surrounding orchards; therefore, this should be taken into account in orchard design. We sampled ‘Gala’ trees with different pollinizer densities combined with different positions within row in three orchards of North-West Italy assessing pollination efficiency. The density of pollinizer in main cv. tree surroundings affected positively pollination efficiency up to 30 m. In addition, only trees adjacent to pollinizers showed higher pollination level while trees differently positioned had lower and similar pollination efficiency. Our outcomes suggest intermixed orchard assures generally uniform pollination across the orchard and that farmers should design new orchards with a specific focus on pollinizer availability in the surroundings.

中文翻译：

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授粉密度和苹果树位置对 cv. 授粉效率的影响。节日

摘要 花粉供体植物（授粉者）的可用性和排列被认为是向主要栽培品种提供相容花粉以确保苹果园果实生产的基础。苹果种植者通过设置授粉植物的数量和授粉/主品种的布置来管理授粉效率。果园内的树。如今，通常采用混合果园设计，包括将授粉剂与生产树木混合。此外，花粉传播可能涉及放置在周围果园中的授粉者；因此，在果园设计中应考虑到这一点。我们在意大利西北部的三个果园中对不同授粉密度的“Gala”树进行采样，并结合行内的不同位置评估授粉效率。主要品种中授粉者的密度。树木环境对高达 30 m 的授粉效率产生积极影响。此外，只有与授粉者相邻的树木表现出较高的授粉水平，而不同位置的树木则具有较低且相似的授粉效率。我们的结果表明混合果园可确保整个果园的授粉总体上一致，并且农民应设计新的果园，特别关注周围环境中授粉媒介的可用性。