Over the past decade, the study of metabolic abnormalities in cancer cells has risen dramatically. Cancer cells can thrive in challenging environments, be it the hypoxic and nutrient-deplete tumor microenvironment or a distant tissue following metastasis. The ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment and adjacent stroma. Adipocytes can be activated by cancer cells to lipolyze their triglyceride stores, delivering secreted fatty acids to cancer cells for uptake through numerous fatty acid transporters. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are also implicated in lipid secretion for cancer cell catabolism and lipid signaling leading to activation of mitogenic and migratory pathways. As these cancer-stromal interactions are exacerbated during tumor progression, fatty acids secreted into the microenvironment can impact infiltrating immune cell function and phenotype. Lipid metabolic abnormalities such as increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipid synthesis can provide survival advantages for the tumor to resist chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments and alleviate cellular stresses involved in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we highlight recent literature that demonstrates how lipids can shape each part of the cancer lifecycle and show that there is significant potential for therapeutic intervention surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.

在过去的十年中，对癌细胞代谢异常的研究急剧增加。癌细胞可以在具有挑战性的环境中茁壮成长，无论是缺氧和营养耗尽的肿瘤微环境，还是转移后的远处组织。癌细胞利用脂质的方式通常受到肿瘤微环境和相邻基质内复杂相互作用的影响。脂肪细胞可以被癌细胞激活以分解其储存的甘油三酯，将分泌的脂肪酸输送到癌细胞，以通过多种脂肪酸转运蛋白进行摄取。癌症相关的成纤维细胞也涉及癌细胞分解代谢的脂质分泌和导致有丝分裂和迁移途径激活的脂质信号。由于这些癌症-基质相互作用在肿瘤进展过程中加剧，分泌到微环境中的脂肪酸会影响浸润免疫细胞的功能和表型。脂质代谢异常，如脂肪酸氧化增加和从头合成脂质可以为肿瘤提供生存优势，以抵抗化学治疗和放射治疗，并减轻转移级联反应中涉及的细胞应激。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的文献，这些文献展示了脂质如何塑造癌症生命周期的每个部分，并表明围绕脂质代谢和信号通路的治疗干预具有巨大的潜力。