Abstract This review focuses on the description of typical procedures to prepare MOFs. The updated known methods of synthesis, essential modifications and reliable activation are all briefly elucidated and discussed. Synthesis procedures via Liquid phase synthesis or solid phase synthesis procedures were intensively studied. The liquid phase synthesis methods includes the slow evaporation method, hydrothermal/solvothermal procedure, electrochemical method, sonochemical method, microwave method, spray-drying method, flow chemistry method and ionothermal method while the solid phase method was represented by mechanochemical method. Among of them, the most reliable method used by researchers was the hydrothermal or solvothermal method. The modification by the direct synthesis procedure and post-synthesis procedure are briefly discussed. It has been found that the direct synthesis procedure is broadly used however it was not always preferred due to the difficulty to synthesise some functionalised MOFs. Activation procedures are essentially explained. The solvent exchange activation method was mostly used. This review will provide a comprehensive background of MOF synthesis for the beginners in this area.

中文翻译：

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MOF 合成、修饰和活化的简单方向

摘要 本综述侧重于描述制备 MOF 的典型程序。更新的已知合成方法、必要的修改和可靠的激活都被简要说明和讨论。对通过液相合成或固相合​​成程序的合成程序进行了深入研究。液相合成方法包括慢蒸发法、水热/溶剂热法、电化学法、声化学法、微波法、喷雾干燥法、流动化学法和离子热法，固相法以机械化学法为代表。其中，研究人员使用的最可靠的方法是水热法或溶剂热法。简要讨论了直接合成程序和后合成程序的修改。已经发现直接合成方法被广泛使用，但是由于难以合成一些功能化的 MOF，它并不总是优选的。基本上解释了激活程序。多采用溶剂交换活化法。本综述将为该领域的初学者提供 MOF 合成的综合背景。