Abstract Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased dramatically since the industrial revolution due to anthropogenic activities. Meanwhile, global mean precipitation was predicted to rise. Although these two global change factors are co-occurring naturally, rare studies were contributed to understand how N deposition and increased precipitation interactively affect soil phosphorus (P) dynamics. In the present study, we conducted a novel canopy N and water addition experiment to investigate the effects of N deposition, increased precipitation, and their interactions on soil P dynamics in a temperate forest. We found that soil primary mineral P was significantly reduced after six years of canopy N deposition mainly due to N-induced soil acidification. Along with the reduction of primary mineral P, soil secondary mineral P was increased with N deposition due to increased exchangeable Al and Fe. Soil organic P associated with Al and Fe, microbial biomass P and phosphatase activity were also increased by N deposition. Our results also revealed that soil primary mineral P was reduced, and secondary mineral P was increased by increased precipitation. Increasing precipitation also significantly prompted soil microbial biomass P, which could explain the increase of soil secondary mineral organic P. In addition, we also found there were interactive effects between N deposition and precipitation on soil primary mineral P and secondary mineral organic P. The effect of N on these properties was strengthened by precipitation increase. Collectively, our results suggest that N deposition and increased precipitation can shift the composition of soil P fractions and drive the depletion of the primary mineral P. Thus, these two global change factors could synergistically affect soil P dynamics.

中文翻译：

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氮沉降和降水增加对温带森林土壤磷动态的影响

摘要 自工业革命以来，由于人为活动，氮 (N) 沉积量急剧增加。与此同时，预计全球平均降水量将增加。尽管这两个全球变化因素是自然同时发生的，但很少有研究有助于了解 N 沉积和降水增加如何相互作用地影响土壤磷 (P) 动态。在本研究中，我们进行了一个新的冠层氮和水添加实验，以研究氮沉积、降水增加及其相互作用对温带森林土壤磷动态的影响。我们发现，主要由于氮引起的土壤酸化，经过六年的冠层氮沉积后，土壤原生矿物磷显着减少。随着原生矿物P的减少，由于可交换铝和铁的增加，土壤次生矿物磷随着氮的沉积而增加。与铝和铁相关的土壤有机磷、微生物生物量磷和磷酸酶活性也因氮沉积而增加。我们的研究结果还表明，土壤原生矿物质 P 减少，而次生矿物质 P 因降水增加而增加。降水量的增加也显着促进了土壤微生物生物量 P，这可以解释土壤次生矿物有机 P 的增加。 N 对这些性质的影响通过沉淀增加而得到加强。总的来说，