As a future energy system, the smart grid is designed to improve the efficiency of traditional power systems while providing more stable and reliable services. However, this efficient and reliable service relies on collecting and analyzing users’ electricity consumption data frequently, which induces various security and privacy threats. To address these challenges, we propose a double-blockchain assisted secure and anonymous data aggregation scheme for fog-enabled smart grid named DA-SADA. Specifically, we design a three-tier architecture-based data aggregation framework by integrating fog computing and the blockchain, which provides strong support for achieving efficient and secure data collection in smart grids. Subsequently, we develop a secure and anonymous data aggregation mechanism with low computational overhead by jointly leveraging the Paillier encryption, batch aggregation signature and anonymous authentication. In particular, the system achieves fine-grained data aggregation and provides effective support for power dispatching and price adjustment by the designed double-blockchain and two-level data aggregation. Finally, the superiority of the proposed scheme is illustrated by a series of security and computation cost analyses.

智能电网作为未来的能源系统，旨在提高传统电力系统的效率，同时提供更稳定可靠的服务。然而，这种高效可靠的服务依赖于频繁收集和分析用户的用电数据，从而引发各种安全和隐私威胁。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种双区块链辅助的安全匿名数据聚合方案，用于支持雾化的智能电网，名为 DA-SADA。具体来说，我们通过融合雾计算和区块链，设计了一个基于三层架构的数据聚合框架，为实现智能电网中高效、安全的数据采集提供了强有力的支持。随后，我们通过联合利用 Paillier 加密、批量聚合签名和匿名身份验证，开发了一种具有低计算开销的安全匿名数据聚合机制。特别是系统通过设计的双区块链和两级数据聚合实现了细粒度的数据聚合，为电力调度和电价调整提供了有效的支持。最后，通过一系列安全性和计算成本分析说明了所提出方案的优越性。