This study investigated the effects of supplemented l-arginine (l-Arg) in broiler breeder hens' diets on the embryonic development and physiological changes of offspring during the hatching period. A total of 480 35-wk-old healthy female Arbor Acres broiler breeders were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed a corn and soybean meal diet with 6 digestible Arg levels (0.96%, 1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%). After a 10-wk experiment, eggs were collected for incubation. At embryonic day (E) 11 to E21, eggs, embryos, and organs (liver, breast muscle, and thigh muscle) were weighed. Total protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride in plasma, were measured. Plasma level of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured at E13, E17, and E21. Messenger RNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) in liver and breast muscle tissues was assessed at E13, E17, and E21. The results showed that 1.16% Arg in maternal diet increased egg weight (P < 0.05). The level of Arg in maternal diet has a significant effect on organ index and embryo weight of multiple embryonic days (P < 0.05). Embryonic plasma total protein concentration was significantly affected by maternal dietary Arg level (P < 0.05) and exhibited quadratic responses at E11, E15, E17, and E21 (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, and cholesterol level were also significantly affected by the level of maternal Arg at different embryonic ages (P < 0.05). Dietary digestible Arg levels quadratically influenced plasma urea nitrogen level at E21 (P < 0.05) and cholesterol concentration at E17 and E19 (P < 0.01). L-Arg supplementation in maternal diet significantly improved the IgG level at E17 and E21 (1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, and 1.74%; P < 0.05), the IgM level at E13 (1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%) and E17 (P < 0.05) and the NOS level at E13, E17, and E21 (P < 0.05). Maternal dietary L-Arg supplementation significantly improved the expression of CPS1 gene, OTC gene (1.16%, 1.35%, and 1.55%), and ASS gene (1.35% and 1.55%) in the liver (P < 0.05), and also enhanced the CPS1 gene (except 1.35%) and OTC gene (1.55% and 1.74%) expression in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal Arg level affected the embryonic development of offspring and regulated the apparent metabolic programming and immunity state of the embryo. Arginine level of 1.55% in hens' diet was beneficial to the protein synthesis and immunity of the offspring in the embryonic period, and it was recommended to obtain healthy offspring.

本研究调查了补充l-精氨酸 ( l-Arg) 在肉种鸡日粮中对孵化期后代胚胎发育和生理变化的影响。将 480 只 35 周龄健康雌性 Arbor Acres 肉鸡种鸡随机分为 6 组，饲喂具有 6 种可消化精氨酸水平（0.96%、1.16%、1.35%、1.55%、1.74%、和 1.93%）。经过 10 周的实验，收集鸡蛋进行孵化。在胚胎日 (E) 11 至 E21，称重鸡蛋、胚胎和器官（肝脏、胸肌和大腿肌肉）。测量血浆中的总蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、胆固醇和甘油三酯。在 E13、E17 和 E21 测量免疫球蛋白 G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白 M (IgM) 和一氧化氮合酶 (NOS) 的血浆水平。氨甲酰磷酸合酶 I (CPS1)、鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶 (OTC) 的信使 RNA 表达，在 E13、E17 和 E21 评估肝脏和乳房肌肉组织中的精氨琥珀酸合酶 (ASS)。结果表明，母体日粮中 1.16% 的精氨酸会增加蛋重（P < 0.05)。母体日粮中Arg水平对多个胚胎日的器官指数和胚胎重量有显着影响（P < 0.05）。胚胎血浆总蛋白浓度受母体日粮精氨酸水平显着影响 ( P < 0.05) 并且在 E11、E15、E17 和 E21 表现出二次反应 ( P < 0.01)。不同胎龄母体Arg水平对血浆尿素氮、肌酐、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平也有显着影响（P < 0.05）。膳食可消化精氨酸水平对 E21 血浆尿素氮水平 ( P < 0.05) 和 E17 和 E19 胆固醇浓度 ( P< 0.01)。在母体饮食中补充 L-Arg 显着改善了 E17 和 E21 的 IgG 水平（1.16%、1.35%、1.55% 和 1.74%；P < 0.05），E13 的 IgM 水平（1.35%、1.55%、1.74%、和 1.93%) 和 E17 ( P < 0.05) 以及 E13、E17 和 E21 ( P < 0.05)的 NOS 水平。母体日粮添加L-Arg显着提高了肝脏中CPS1基因、OTC基因（1.16%、1.35%和1.55%）和ASS基因（1.35%和1.55%）的表达（P < 0.05），也增强了CPS1 基因（1.35% 除外）和 OTC 基因（1.55% 和 1.74%）在胸肌中的表达（P< 0.05)。综上所述，母体精氨酸水平影响子代胚胎发育，调节胚胎的表观代谢程序和免疫状态。甲在母鸡饮食的1.55％rginine水平的蛋白质合成和在胚胎期的后代的免疫力是有益的，并建议以获得健康的后代。