In recent decades, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for many applications. Composites doped with different metal nanoparticles have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based materials. The use of concretes as structural and radiation protective material has been influenced by the addition of nanomaterials. Several elements with high atomic number and density, such as lead, bismuth, and tungsten, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer significant enhancements in the shielding ability of composites. Their performance for a range of particle concentrations, particle sizes, and photon energies have been investigated. This review is an attempt to gather the data published in the literature about the application of nanomaterials in radiation shielding, including the use of polymer composites and concretes for protection against X-rays and gamma radiation.

在最近的几十年中，对纳米材料进行了广泛的研究以用于许多应用。已经提出了掺杂有不同金属纳米颗粒的复合材料作为有效的屏蔽材料，以代替常规的铅基材料。混凝土作为结构和辐射防护材料的使用已受到纳米材料添加的影响。几种具有高原子序数和密度的元素，例如铅，铋和钨，有可能形成纳米颗粒，从而显着增强复合材料的屏蔽能力。已经研究了它们在一定范围的颗粒浓度，颗粒大小和光子能量下的性能。这次审查是为了收集文献中发表的有关纳米材料在辐射屏蔽中的应用的数据，