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Two-dimensional Subclass Discriminant Analysis for face recognition
Pattern Analysis and Applications ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10044-020-00905-5
Haïfa Nakouri

Dimensionality reduction plays a major role in face recognition. Discriminant analysis (DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are two of the most important approaches in this field. In particular, subclass discriminant analysis (SDA) is a well-known scheme for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. It is widely used in many high-dimensional data-driven applications, namely face recognition and image retrieval. It is also found to be applicable under various scenarios. However, it has high cost in time and space given the need for an eigendecomposition involving the scatter matrices, known as the singularity problem. This limitation is caused by the high-dimensional space of data, particularly when dimensions exceed the number of observations. Recent advances widely reported that 2D methods with matrix-based representation perform better than the traditional 1D vector-based ones. In this paper, we propose a novel 2D-SDA algorithm to avoid the “curse of dimensionality” and address the singularity issue. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated for face recognition in terms of recognition performance and computational cost. Experiments are conducted on four benchmark face databases and compared to several competitive 1D and 2D methods based on PCA and DA. Results show that 2DSVD achieves the best recognition performance at low dimensions. In particular, 2D-SDA works significantly better on large-sized data sets where intra-class variation is the most important.



中文翻译:

用于人脸识别的二维子类判别分析

降维在面部识别中起主要作用。判别分析(DA)和主成分分析(PCA)是该领域最重要的两种方法。特别地,子类判别分析(SDA)是一种用于特征提取和降维的众所周知的方案。它被广泛用于许多高维数据驱动的应用程序,即人脸识别和图像检索。还发现它适用于各种情况。但是,由于需要涉及散射矩阵的本征分解(称为奇点问题),因此具有较高的时间和空间成本。此限制是由数据的高维空间引起的,尤其是当维数超过观测值的数量时。最新进展广泛报道,基于矩阵表示的2D方法的性能要优于传统的基于1D矢量的方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的2D-SDA算法,以避免“维数诅咒”并解决奇异性问题。针对识别性能和计算成本,对所提出算法的性能进行了评估。实验在四个基准人脸数据库上进行,并与几种基于PCA和DA的竞争性一维和二维方法进行了比较。结果表明,2DSVD在低尺寸下可获得最佳识别性能。特别是2D-SDA在类内差异最重要的大型数据集上效果更好。我们提出一种新颖的2D-SDA算法,以避免“维数的诅咒”并解决奇异性问题。针对识别性能和计算成本,对所提出算法的性能进行了评估。实验在四个基准人脸数据库上进行,并与几种基于PCA和DA的竞争性一维和二维方法进行了比较。结果表明,2DSVD在低尺寸下可获得最佳识别性能。特别是2D-SDA在类内差异最重要的大型数据集上效果更好。我们提出一种新颖的2D-SDA算法,以避免“维数的诅咒”并解决奇异性问题。针对识别性能和计算成本,对所提出算法的性能进行了评估。实验在四个基准人脸数据库上进行,并与几种基于PCA和DA的竞争性一维和二维方法进行了比较。结果表明,2DSVD在低尺寸下可获得最佳识别性能。特别是2D-SDA在类内差异最重要的大型数据集上效果更好。实验在四个基准人脸数据库上进行,并与几种基于PCA和DA的竞争性一维和二维方法进行了比较。结果表明,2DSVD在低尺寸下可获得最佳识别性能。特别是2D-SDA在类内差异最重要的大型数据集上效果更好。实验在四个基准人脸数据库上进行,并与几种基于PCA和DA的竞争性一维和二维方法进行了比较。结果表明,2DSVD在低尺寸下可获得最佳识别性能。特别是2D-SDA在类内差异最重要的大型数据集上效果更好。

更新日期:2020-08-11
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