We report here a case of a 17-year-old boy with viral encephalitis associated with human parvovirus B19 who presented consciousness disturbance, left hemiparesis, and focal neurologic signs. The diagnosis was based on the specific sequence reads corresponding to human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) in a CSF sample as analyzed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Thus, PVB19 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis and encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The introduction of mNGS into the diagnostic protocol of neuropathies, especially for those undiagnosed, could interrogate all genetic information in a biologic sample and facilitate the identification of the etiological agent.

我们在此报告一例患有与人细小病毒 B19 相关的病毒性脑炎的 17 岁男孩，他表现出意识障碍、左侧偏瘫和局灶性神经系统体征。该诊断基于通过宏基因组下一代测序 (mNGS) 分析的 CSF 样本中与人细小病毒 B19 (PVB19) 相对应的特定序列读数。因此，在脑炎和病因不明的脑病的鉴别诊断中应考虑 PVB19。将 mNGS 引入神经病的诊断方案，特别是对于那些未确诊的神经病，可以询问生物样本中的所有遗传信息并促进病原体的识别。