Groundwater–surface water interaction, particularly on exchange fluxes between streams and aquifers, plays a large role in the prerequisite conditions for the study of contaminants and nutrients in the hyporheic zone. One way to quantify these fluxes is by using heat as an environmental tracer. This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty of the vertical turbulent flow of a canopy in the Walker River Basin in Nevada, USA, using the thermal tracer method and the VFLUX software tool. Using the high spatial resolution temperature data measured by the US Geological Survey in the Walker River Basin in Nevada, with the finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics, it establishes a two-dimensional, full-transect, water-thermal coupling calculation model for the river. The results show that long-term vertical hyporheic flux is between − 111.78 and 86.07 L/m²/d. The average vertical hyporheic flux under seasonal conditions was − 44.35 L/m²/d and − 36.78 L/m²/d in summer and winter, respectively, and the flux exhibits a non-monotonic change with increasing depth. By observing the similarity between the spatial distribution of streambed hyporheic exchange fluxes in winter and summer, as well as the distribution of the streambed profile temperature field, it was found that the spatial distribution of the average streambed hyporheic exchange fluxes can be clearly shown by the streambed profile temperature field in the corresponding season.

中文翻译：

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以热量为示踪剂定量分析河床水交换流量随季节变化的时空分布特征

地下水与地表水的相互作用，特别是在溪流与含水层之间的交换通量上，在研究流变带中的污染物和养分的前提条件中起着重要作用。量化这些通量的一种方法是使用热量作为环境示踪剂。这项研究使用热示踪方法和VFLUX软件工具定量分析了美国内华达州沃克河流域冠层垂直湍流的空间异质性和不确定性。利用美国地质调查局在内华达州沃克河流域测得的高分辨率高分辨率数据，结合有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics，为河流建立了二维全断面水热耦合计算模型。 。² /天 夏季和冬季，季节性条件下的平均垂直流变通量分别为− 44.35 L / m ² / d和− 36.78 L / m ² / d，并且随着深度的增加，通量呈现非单调变化。通过观察冬季和夏季河床流水交换通量的空间分布与河床剖面温度场的分布之间的相似性，可以发现，平均河床流水交换通量的空间分布可以清楚地看出。相应季节的河床剖面温度场。