In the current study, 62 groundwater samples were collected (31 each in premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons) and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters and trace metals in the Trans-Varuna region, Uttar Pradesh. From the cationic fields of piper chart, it is viewed that 78% and 81% samples in premonsoon and postmonsoon, respectively, fall in no dominance type, while all the samples in postmonsoon and 97% samples in premonsoon fall in bicarbonate type in anionic facies. The Ca/Mg ratio with an average of 1.44 and 1.15 in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon correspondingly points out that carbonate dissolution is the leading cause of Ca in the Trans-Varuna region. A plot between [(Na + K) − Cl] and [(Ca + Mg) − (HCO3 − SO4)] suggests that ion exchange also add ions in the groundwater. According to the Gibbs plot, the hydrogeochemistry of samples signifies that most of the samples are from rock dominance. Saturation indices point out that the groundwater of the Trans-Varuna region is saturated with chalcedony, goethite, hematite, and quartz and undersaturated with reference to anhydrite, aragonite, gypsum, halite, and fluorite. 36% sample in premonsoon and 52% samples in postmonsoon shows high NO3 concentration which is above the WHO standard for drinking purpose. In terms of Fe, 74% of samples are beyond the permissible limit of WHO. Various indices to estimate the aptness of groundwater for agricultural function indicate that most of the samples in both the seasons are safe of farming uses. Chronic daily intake values show that infants and children of the investigative region are very vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Target health quotient of heavy metals was established in the sequence of Pb > Zn > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu.

中文翻译：

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使用综合地球化学和多元统计方法研究北方邦 Trans-Varuna 地区地下水的水文地球化学过程和健康风险

在当前的研究中，收集了 62 个地下水样本（季风前和季风后季节各 31 个），并分析了北方邦外瓦鲁纳地区的各种理化参数和痕量金属。从piper图的阳离子场看，季风前和季风后分别有78%和81%的样品属于非优势型，而季风后和季风前97%的样品在阴离子相中属于碳酸氢盐型. 季风前和季风后平均为 1.44 和 1.15 的 Ca/Mg 比值相应地指出碳酸盐溶解是 Trans-Varuna 地区 Ca 的主要原因。[(Na + K) - Cl] 和 [(Ca + Mg) - (HCO3 - SO4)] 之间的图表明离子交换也会在地下水中添加离子。根据吉布斯图，样品的水文地球化学表明大部分样品来自岩石优势。饱和度指数指出，外瓦鲁纳地区的地下水以玉髓、针铁矿、赤铁矿和石英为饱和，而硬石膏、文石、石膏、岩盐和萤石则不饱和。季风前 36% 的样本和季风后 52% 的样本显示出高 NO3 浓度，高于 WHO 饮用目的标准。在 Fe 方面，74% 的样本超出了 WHO 的允许限值。各种评价地下水农业功能适应性的指标表明，两个季节的大部分样本都可以安全地用于农业用途。慢性每日摄入量值表明，调查区域的婴儿和儿童非常容易受到硝酸盐污染。