Introduction

Glossina spp. (Glossinidae), Tabanus spp. (Tabanidae), Ancala spp. (Tabanidae), Atylotus spp. (Tabanidae) and Stomoxys spp. (Muscidae) are important transmitting vectors of African animal trypanosomosis in sub-Saharan Africa. There is paucity of information on the distribution and identification of these flies in cattle settlements in southwest Nigeria.

Methods

The distribution patterns, genetic variations and diversities of dipteran flies in southwest Nigeria were described and identified using morphological and molecular analysis of the 28S rDNA gene.

Results

Of the 13,895 flies examined morphologically between April 2016 and March 2017, tabanids were identified [Tabanus (0.34%), Ancala (0.03%), Atylotus (0.01%), Haematopota (0.014%) and Chrysops (0.11%)]. Two stomoxyine species were identified; Stomoxys niger niger Macquart (45.30%) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (17.29%) and two Glossina spp. namely; Glossina p. gambiense Vanderplank, 1911 (0.46%) and Glossina tachinoides Westwood (0.51%) were identified. The identities were further confirmed in a BLAST search using their nucleotide sequences. The median-joining network of the 28S rDNA gene sequences indicated that fly species examined were genetically distinct. The apparent density of all the trapped flies was highest at a mean temperature of 26–28 ℃, humidity > 80% and rainfall of 150–220 mm/month. The distribution of flies was observed to increase as vegetation increased in density and decreased in areas with relatively high human population density (> 100/km²).

Conclusions

The population indices of the 28S rDNA gene of the flies suggest that analysis of nuclear DNA fragments may provide more information on the molecular ecology of these flies. Characterising fly species and assessing their impact are essential in distribution and monitoring AAT spread.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚西南部牛群传播锥虫的双翅目昆虫的形态、分子鉴定和分布。

简介

舌苔藓属 (Glossinidae), Tabanus spp. （Tabanidae），Ancala spp。（Tabanidae），Atylotus spp。(Tabanidae) 和Stomoxys spp。(Muscidae) 是撒哈拉以南非洲非洲动物锥虫病的重要传播媒介。在尼日利亚西南部的牛群中，关于这些苍蝇的分布和识别的信息很少。

方法

使用28S rDNA基因的形态学和分子分析描述和鉴定了尼日利亚西南部双翅目苍蝇的分布模式、遗传变异和多样性。

结果

的13895只苍蝇2016年4月和2017年3月之间形态学检查，tabanids鉴定[虻（0.34％），Ancala（0.03％），Atylotus（0.01％），Haematopota（0.014％）和虻（0.11％）]。鉴定了两种 stomoxyine 物种；Stomoxys niger niger Macquart (45.30%) 和Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (17.29%) 和两个Glossina spp。即；Glossina p. 鉴定了gambiense Vanderplank, 1911 (0.46%) 和Glossina tachinoides Westwood (0.51%)。使用它们的核苷酸序列在 BLAST 搜索中进一步确认了这些身份。28S的中值连接网络rDNA基因序列表明检查的果蝇物种在遗传上是不同的。在平均气温26~28℃、湿度>80%、降雨量150~220mm/月的条件下，所有被困苍蝇的表观密度最高。观察到苍蝇的分布随着植被密度的增加而增加，而在人口密度相对较高（> 100/km ²）的地区则减少。

结论

果蝇28S rDNA基因的种群指数表明，核DNA 片段的分析可以提供有关这些果蝇分子生态学的更多信息。表征苍蝇物种并评估其影响对于分布和监测 AAT 传播至关重要。