Conservation of paper-based materials, namely, manuscripts, includes repair of tears, gap filling, consolidation, and fixation, which requires the use of adhesives. The adhesive in use for these purposes should be compatible with the chemical and physical properties of paper and should present good aging characteristics. In this study, we conducted a set of experiments with paper samples on which fructan-based biopolymer Halomonas levan (Hlevan) was applied for the first time and compared with glucan-based adhesive starch. Adhesive-applied samples were initially prepared by the application of different historical recipes of sizing and ink. Then, they underwent accelerated thermal aging. Chemical and physical changes of paper samples (crystallinity, pH, and color) were analyzed. Finally, Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dominating factors affecting sample behavior with applied adhesives. This study demonstrates the aging characteristics of Hlevan on cellulose-based materials. The results showed that there is a color shift from blue to yellow for all samples after aging, but it is more pronounced for some samples with Hlevan. In addition, Hlevan is slightly less acidic than starch in all cases and acted as a plasticizer for a specific kind of sizing material. The methodology of this research is also efficacious in terms of understanding the interaction of paper media with the adhesives and their effects on aging.

中文翻译：

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左旋多糖在纸张保护中的潜在用途评估

纸质材料的保存，即手稿，包括修复撕裂、填补缝隙、固结和固定，这需要使用粘合剂。用于这些目的的粘合剂应与纸张的化学和物理特性相容，并应具有良好的老化特性。在这项研究中，我们对纸样进行了一系列实验，在这些纸样上首次应用了果聚糖基生物聚合物 Halomonas levan (Hlevan)，并与葡聚糖基粘性淀粉进行了比较。涂胶样品最初是通过应用不同的施胶和油墨的历史配方来制备的。然后，它们经历了加速热老化。分析了纸样的化学和物理变化（结晶度、pH 值和颜色）。最后，进行主成分分析以确定影响样品使用粘合剂行为的主要因素。该研究证明了 Hlevan 在纤维素基材料上的老化特性。结果表明，老化后所有样品都有从蓝色到黄色的颜色变化，但对于一些含有 Hlevan 的样品，这种变化更为明显。此外，在所有情况下，Hlevan 的酸性都比淀粉略低，可作为特定类型的施胶材料的增塑剂。这项研究的方法在理解纸介质与粘合剂的相互作用及其对老化的影响方面也是有效的。结果表明，老化后所有样品都有从蓝色到黄色的颜色变化，但对于一些含有 Hlevan 的样品，这种变化更为明显。此外，在所有情况下，Hlevan 的酸性都比淀粉略低，可作为特定类型的施胶材料的增塑剂。这项研究的方法在理解纸介质与粘合剂的相互作用及其对老化的影响方面也是有效的。结果表明，老化后所有样品都有从蓝色到黄色的颜色变化，但对于一些含有 Hlevan 的样品，这种变化更为明显。此外，在所有情况下，Hlevan 的酸性都比淀粉略低，可作为特定类型的施胶材料的增塑剂。这项研究的方法在理解纸介质与粘合剂的相互作用及其对老化的影响方面也是有效的。