The past few decades have shown significant advancement as complex in vitro humanized systems have substituted animal trials and 2D in vitro studies. 3D humanized platforms mimic the organs of interest with their stimulations (physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical). Organ-on-chip devices, including in vitro modelling of 3D organoids, 3D microfabrication, and 3D bioprinted platforms, play an essential role in drug discovery, testing, and assessment. In this article, a thorough review is provided of the latest advancements in the area of organ-on-chip devices targeting liver, kidney, lung, gut, heart, skin, and brain mimicry devices for drug discovery, development, and/or assessment. The current strategies, fabrication methods, and the specific application of each device, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are presented for each reported platform. This comprehensive review also provides some insights on the challenges and future perspectives for the further advancement of each organ-on-chip device.

中文翻译：

---

用于药物发现、开发和评估的 3D 体外人体器官模拟装置

随着复杂的体外人源化系统取代动物试验和 2D 体外研究，过去几十年取得了显着进步。3D 人性化平台通过刺激（物理、电气、化学和机械）模拟感兴趣的器官。器官芯片设备，包括 3D 类器官的体外建模、3D 微制造和 3D 生物打印平台，在药物发现、测试和评估中发挥着重要作用。在本文中，对用于药物发现、开发和/或评估的肝脏、肾脏、肺、肠道、心脏、皮肤和大脑模拟设备的芯片上器官设备领域的最新进展进行了全面回顾. 当前策略、制造方法和每个器件的具体应用，以及优缺点，为每个报告的平台提供。这篇综合评论还提供了一些关于进一步发展每个器官芯片设备的挑战和未来前景的见解。