Background. Period genes are important core clock genes, including PER1, PER2, and PER3. A number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal expression of the PER gene family of clock genes is associated with the survival and prognosis of patients with cancer; however, the sample sizes included in the majority of these studies were small, and the reported results were inconsistent. This study was the first to collect the relevant publications to systematically evaluate the value of the expression of the PER gene family in the prediction of survival and prognosis of human tumors. Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results. A total of 12 eligible publications met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, including 1,369 patients and 9 different types of cancer. The pooled hazard ratio for overall survival indicated that the overall survival of patients in the high PER1, PER2, and PER3 protein expression group was significantly higher than that in the low-expression group, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the result was stable and reliable. The association between PER1 and PER3 mRNA expression levels and cancer prognosis was not meta-analyzed as the number of experimental studies was <3. There was no significant association between the expression of PER2 mRNA and the overall survival of patients with cancer. Conclusion. PER1, PER2, and PER3 protein expression levels can be used as novel potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis.

中文翻译：

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时钟基因的周期家族作为人类癌症生存的新预测因子：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景。周期基因是重要的核心时钟基因，包括PER1、PER2和PER3。多项研究表明，时钟基因PER基因家族的异常表达与癌症患者的生存和预后有关；然而，这些研究中的大多数样本量都很小，报告的结果也不一致。本研究首次收集相关文献，系统评价PER基因家族表达在预测人类肿瘤生存和预后中的价值。方法. 系统搜索了 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库，并进行了荟萃分析。结果。共有 12 篇符合条件的出版物符合荟萃分析的纳入标准，包括 1,369 名患者和 9 种不同类型的癌症。总生存期的汇总风险比表明，PER1、PER2 和 PER3 蛋白高表达组患者的总生存期分别显着高于低表达组。敏感性分析表明，结果稳定可靠。PER1和PER3之间的关联由于实验研究的数量<3，因此未对 mRNA 表达水平和癌症预后进行荟萃分析。PER2 mRNA的表达与癌症患者的总生存率之间没有显着相关性。结论。PER1、PER2 和 PER3 蛋白表达水平可用作预测癌症预后的新型潜在生物标志物。