ABSTRACT

Introduction

Malaria continues to be a major global health problem, with over 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths estimated to occur annually. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential to decrease the burden and impact of this disease, particularly in children. We aimed to review the main available techniques for the diagnosis of clinical malaria in endemic settings and explore possible future options to improve its rapid recognition.

Areas covered

literature relevant to malaria diagnosis was identified through electronic searches in Pubmed, with no language or date restrictions and limited to humans.

Expert opinion

Light microscopy is still considered the gold standard method for malaria diagnosis and continues to be at the frontline of malaria diagnosis. However, technologies as rapid diagnostic tests, mainly those who detect histidine-rich protein-2, offer an accurate, rapid and affordable alternative for malaria diagnosis in endemic areas. They are now the technique most extended in endemic areas for parasitological confirmation. In these settings, PCR-based assays are usually restricted to research and they are not currently helpful in the management of clinical malaria. Other technologies, such as isothermal methods could be an interesting and alternative approach to PCR in the future.

中文翻译：

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流行环境中临床疟疾的诊断。

摘要

介绍

疟疾仍然是一个主要的全球健康问题，估计每年有超过 2.28 亿病例和 405,000 人死亡。快速准确地诊断疟疾对于减少这种疾病的负担和影响至关重要，尤其是在儿童中。我们旨在审查在地方性环境中诊断临床疟疾的主要可用技术，并探索未来可能的选择以提高其快速识别能力。

覆盖区域

与疟疾诊断相关的文献是通过 Pubmed 中的电子搜索确定的，没有语言或日期限制，仅限于人类。

专家意见

光学显微镜仍然被认为是疟疾诊断的金标准方法，并继续处于疟疾诊断的前沿。然而，作为快速诊断测试的技术，主要是那些检测富含组氨酸的蛋白质 2 的技术，为流行地区的疟疾诊断提供了一种准确、快速和负担得起的替代方法。它们现在是在流行地区用于寄生虫学确认的最广泛的技术。在这些情况下，基于 PCR 的检测通常仅限于研究，目前对临床疟疾的管理没有帮助。其他技术，如等温方法，可能是未来 PCR 的一种有趣的替代方法。