Abstract Hierarchical structures have attracted considerable interest due to their super-oleophobic/super-hydrophobic behavior. However, it is rare to present a novel additive manufacturing (AM) approach to fabricate hierarchical metal structures (HMSs). A micro/nano mixture ink was deposited on a substrate and a laser was used to selectively scan the ink layer. A new layer of ink was deposited on the previous consolidation layer during manufacturing. The surfaces of the as-sintered HMSs exhibit inherently super-hydrophilic and super-oleophobic behavior with a 155° contact angle (CA) with oil. Furthermore, the HMSs were successfully turned into super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic mode (with a 152° CA) after surface modification with a solvent-free, electrostatic polytetrafluoroethylene particle deposition. They can be used as oil/water separation media by the functional surfaces existing in the pore channels. The experimental study of HMSs shows an effective removal of oil contaminants from water. The developed process also possesses an advantage of AM of HMSs with complex shapes in ambient air under the protection of an organic ink. Importantly, the present approach could be extended to a vast number of HMSs, for the preparation of highly durable functional materials for various applications.

中文翻译：

---

使用微/纳米粒子的基于墨水的选择性激光熔化制造的分级金属结构的表面疏水性和亲油性

摘要 分层结构由于其超疏油/超疏水行为引起了相当大的兴趣。然而，很少有提出一种新颖的增材制造 (AM) 方法来制造分层金属结构 (HMS)。将微/纳米混合油墨沉积在基材上，并使用激光选择性地扫描油墨层。在制造过程中，新的油墨层沉积在先前的固结层上。烧结态 HMS 的表面表现出固有的超亲水和超疏油行为，与油的接触角 (CA) 为 155°。此外，在使用无溶剂、静电聚四氟乙烯颗粒沉积进行表面改性后，HMS 成功地转变为超疏水和超亲油模式（具有 152° CA）。它们可以通过存在于孔道中的功能表面用作油/水分离介质。HMS 的实验研究表明可以有效去除水中的油污染物。所开发的工艺还具有在有机墨水的保护下在环境空气中具有复杂形状的 HMS 的 AM 的优势。重要的是，本方法可以扩展到大量 HMS，用于为各种应用制备高度耐用的功能材料。