Abstract The commercialization of sustainable 3D printing technology changed the face of manufacturing with its precise and uniform sustainable fabrication. Therefore, like other fields of science, research related to water treatment membranes has adopted this technology successfully, preventing the waste of huge amounts of solvents and thus reducing the high carbon emissions caused by fabrication. Currently, critical research is being conducted in relation to the membrane modules and the fabrication of the membranes themselves. The module studies focus primarily on spacer production and the membrane studies are mostly concerned with the membrane surface. The membrane surface research has successfully adapted inkjet printing for enhanced surface properties for high selectivity and fouling resistance through the printing of nano-materials on the membranes’ surfaces. Recently, 3D printing of the polymer membrane support or 3D printing-based interfacial polymerization has also been introduced into water treatment technologies. Since fouling resistance, selectivity and water permeability are the critical factors, many of the parameters can be controlled by the assistance of bespoke and precise 3D printing fabrication. In this study, we examine key aspects of technology which may shed light on future studies regarding 3D printed water treatment membranes and we review the critical developments to date.

中文翻译：

---

水处理技术的新时代：膜的 3D 打印

摘要 可持续 3D 打印技术的商业化以其精确、统一的可持续制造改变了制造业的面貌。因此，与其他科学领域一样，与水处理膜相关的研究成功地采用了该技术，避免了大量溶剂的浪费，从而减少了制造过程中产生的高碳排放。目前，正在对膜组件和膜本身的制造进行批判性研究。模块研究主要集中在间隔件生产上，而膜研究主要与膜表面有关。膜表面研究已成功采用喷墨印刷技术，通过在膜表面印刷纳米材料来增强表面特性，从而实现高选择性和抗污染性。最近，聚合物膜支撑的 3D 打印或基于 3D 打印的界面聚合也被引入水处理技术中。由于抗污性、选择性和透水性是关键因素，许多参数可以通过定制和精确的 3D 打印制造来控制。在这项研究中，我们研究了技术的关键方面，这些方面可能为未来关于 3D 打印水处理膜的研究提供启示，我们回顾了迄今为止的关键发展。聚合物膜支撑的 3D 打印或基于 3D 打印的界面聚合也已被引入水处理技术。由于抗污性、选择性和透水性是关键因素，许多参数可以通过定制和精确的 3D 打印制造来控制。在这项研究中，我们研究了技术的关键方面，这些方面可能为未来关于 3D 打印水处理膜的研究提供启示，我们回顾了迄今为止的关键发展。聚合物膜支撑的 3D 打印或基于 3D 打印的界面聚合也已被引入水处理技术。由于抗污性、选择性和透水性是关键因素，许多参数可以通过定制和精确的 3D 打印制造来控制。在这项研究中，我们研究了技术的关键方面，这些方面可能为未来关于 3D 打印水处理膜的研究提供启示，我们回顾了迄今为止的关键发展。