Protected areas manage synergies and trade-offs associated with core missions of nature protection while supporting education, recreation and tourism. In this paper we demonstrate how spatial modelling co-produced with managers can support the assessment of interactions between two cultural services: outdoor recreation and iconic terrestrial vertebrates. In two French national parks (Ecrins and Vanoise) we showed clear seasonal differentiation in spatial patterns for potential iconic vertebrate diversity, recreation opportunities and their interactions. Our first hypothesis that limited access and mobility of recreationists during winter would increase potential wildlife refugia was largely validated for Ecrins. Our second hypothesis that lower but spatially diffuse pressure from recreationists in Ecrins would increase potential interference as compared to more intense but directed activity in Vanoise was consistent with patterns in summer. For winter the spatial concentration of recreation around ski resorts of Vanoise was highly impactful. Across both parks concerns about the expansion of winter activities are legitimate, especially for climate-sensitive species. We also showed the critical role of refuge areas in high valleys (summer) and lower slopes away from tracks (winter), highlighting threats from off-track practices. Beyond regulation our results will support dialogue with the public and professionals based on communication and education.

保护区管理与自然保护核心任务相关的协同作用和取舍，同时支持教育，娱乐和旅游。在本文中，我们演示了与管理人员共同制作的空间模型如何支持评估两种文化服务之间的相互作用：户外休闲和标志性陆生脊椎动物。在两个法国国家公园（Ecrins和Vanoise）中，我们发现了潜在的标志性脊椎动物多样性，娱乐机会及其相互作用的空间格局具有明显的季节性差异。我们的第一个假设是，冬季休闲人士的出入不畅和行动不便会增加潜在的野生动植物避难所，这在Ecrins上得到了充分验证。我们的第二个假设是，与在Vanoise中进行更激烈但有针对性的活动相比，在Ecrins中休闲者施加的较低但在空间上分散的压力将增加潜在的干扰，这与夏季的模式一致。在冬季，瓦诺瓦兹（Vanoise）滑雪胜地附近休闲娱乐的空间集中度非常高。在这两个公园中，对冬季活动扩大的担忧是合理的，尤其是对气候敏感的物种。我们还展示了避风区在高谷地（夏季）和远离赛道的低坡地（冬季）的关键作用，突显了偏离赛道做法的威胁。除法规外，我们的结果还将支持基于沟通和教育与公众和专业人士的对话。在冬季，Vanoise滑雪胜地附近休闲娱乐的空间集中度非常高。在这两个公园中，对冬季活动扩大的担忧是合理的，尤其是对气候敏感的物种。我们还展示了避风区在高谷地（夏季）和远离赛道的低坡地（冬季）的关键作用，突显了偏离赛道做法的威胁。除法规外，我们的结果还将支持基于沟通和教育与公众和专业人士的对话。在冬季，Vanoise滑雪胜地附近休闲娱乐的空间集中度非常高。在这两个公园中，对冬季活动扩大的担忧是合理的，尤其是对气候敏感的物种。我们还展示了避风区在高谷地（夏季）和远离赛道的低坡地（冬季）的关键作用，突显了偏离赛道做法的威胁。除法规外，我们的结果还将支持基于沟通和教育与公众和专业人士的对话。强调偏离轨道实践的威胁。除法规外，我们的结果还将支持基于沟通和教育与公众和专业人士的对话。重点强调偏离轨道实践的威胁。除法规外，我们的结果还将支持基于沟通和教育与公众和专业人士的对话。