Disinhibition, mainly caused by damage in frontotemporal brain regions, is one of the major causes of caregiver distress in neurodegenerative dementias. Behavioural inhibition deficits are usually described as a loss of social conduct and impulsivity, whereas cognitive inhibition deficits refer to impairments in the suppression of prepotent verbal responses and resistance to distractor interference.

In this review, we aim to discuss inhibition deficits in neurodegenerative dementias through behavioural, cognitive, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological exploration. We also discuss impulsivity and compulsivity behaviours as related to disinhibition. We will therefore describe different tests available to assess both behavioural and cognitive disinhibition and summarise different manifestations of disinhibition across several neurodegenerative diseases (behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington’s disease). Finally, we will present the latest findings about structural, metabolic, functional, neurophysiological and also neuropathological correlates of inhibition impairments. We will briefly conclude by mentioning some of the latest pharmacological treatment options available for disinhibition.

Within this framework, we aim to highlight i) the current interests and limits of tests and questionnaires available to assess behavioural and cognitive inhibition in clinical practice and in clinical research; ii) the interpretation of impulsivity and compulsivity within the spectrum of inhibition deficits; and iii) the brain regions and networks involved in such behaviours.

抑制解除主要是由额颞叶脑区损伤引起的，是神经退行性痴呆患者照顾者痛苦的主要原因之一。行为抑制缺陷通常被描述为社会行为和冲动的丧失，而认知抑制缺陷是指抑制优势言语反应和抵抗分心干扰的障碍。

在这篇综述中，我们旨在通过行为、认知、神经解剖学和神经生理学探索来讨论神经退行性痴呆的抑制缺陷。我们还讨论与抑制解除相关的冲动和强迫行为。因此，我们将描述可用于评估行为和认知去抑制的不同测试，并总结几种神经退行性疾病（额颞叶痴呆的行为变异、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、进行性核上性麻痹、亨廷顿病）的去抑制的不同表现。最后，我们将介绍有关抑制损伤的结构、代谢、功能、神经生理学以及神经病理学相关性的最新发现。我们将通过提及一些可用于去抑制的最新药物治疗方案来简要总结。

在此框架内，我们的目标是强调 i) 目前可用于评估临床实践和临床研究中的行为和认知抑制的测试和问卷的兴趣和局限性； ii) 在抑制缺陷范围内解释冲动性和强迫性； iii) 参与此类行为的大脑区域和网络。