With the development of consumer-grade virtual reality (VR) systems, the interface and interaction design for immersive virtual environments have become a critical issue for VR application designers and developers. The previous design experience from conventional VR applications may not be effective anymore. This work investigated two types of menu interfaces (fixed menu and handheld menu) and three selection techniques, hand pointing with button press (Hand-BP), head pointing with button press (Head-BP), and head pointing with dwell (Head-DW), based on performance and subjective assessment. Results showed that the best performing selection technique for fixed menu was Hand-BP, while Head-BP was the most suitable and preferred selection technique for handheld menu. The limitations of different menu interfaces and selection techniques were discussed, and solutions were proposed to overcome the limitations that were found in the experiment. Based on the findings of this study, design guidelines were provided to help designers and developers choose the right menu interface and selection technique for different contexts of use and user groups.

随着消费者级虚拟现实（VR）系统的发展，沉浸式虚拟环境的界面和交互设计已成为VR应用程序设计人员和开发人员的关键问题。传统VR应用程序的先前设计经验可能不再有效。这项工作研究了两种类型的菜单界面（固定菜单和手持菜单）和三种选择技术，即通过按按钮进行手指向（Hand-BP），通过按按钮进行头部指向（Head-BP）和通过停留进行头部指向（Head-BP） DW），基于效果和主观评估。结果表明，固定菜单的最佳选择技术是Hand-BP，而Head-BP是最适合和首选的手持菜单选择技术。讨论了不同菜单界面和选择技术的局限性，并提出了解决方案以克服实验中发现的局限性。根据这项研究的结果，提供了设计指南，以帮助设计人员和开发人员针对不同的使用环境和用户群选择正确的菜单界面和选择技术。