The complex plant body is created by means of an elaborate system that dictates the differentiation of cells with distinctive features as well as proper growth and development. We have reviewed the literature-reported experimental evidence for post-translational modifications (PTM)s that modulate plant differentiation. We found that phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, acetylation, and methylation are associated with plant differentiation. Phosphorylation mediated by MAPK within cytoplasm and nucleus facilitates plant differentiation. Convergence between phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and deacetylation is displayed in transcription repressor complexes modulating stem daughter, germ cell, and leaf differentiation. Reversible phosphorylation and deubiquitination made the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of PIN auxin transporters which supported the precise PIN-mediated auxin transport dynamic. The participation of several PTM types during plant cell differentiation suggests a new layer in the plant cell differentiation process. Efforts to develop deep mass spectrometry-based PTM identification could facilitate deciphering the interconnection of the variety of PTMs in this field.

复杂的植物体是通过复杂的系统创建的，该系统指示具有独特特征的细胞分化以及适当的生长发育。我们已经审查了文献报道的调节植物分化的翻译后修饰（PTM）的实验证据。我们发现磷酸化，泛素化，糖基化，乙酰化和甲基化与植物分化有关。MAPK介导的细胞质和细胞核内的磷酸化促进植物分化。磷酸化，泛素化和脱乙酰化之间的收敛在调节干子，生殖细胞和叶片分化的转录阻遏物复合物中显示。可逆的磷酸化和去泛素化使PIN生长素转运蛋白发生了磷酸化和泛素化，这支持了PIN介导的生长素的精确转运动态。植物细胞分化过程中几种PTM类型的参与表明植物细胞分化过程中出现了新的一层。开发基于质谱的深层PTM识别的工作可能有助于破译该领域中各种PTM的相互联系。