This paper aims to fabricate inclined thin-walled components using positional wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and investigate the heat transfer characteristics of inclined thin-walled parts via finite element analysis method.,An inclined thin-walled part is fabricated in gas metal arc (GMA)-based additive manufacturing using a positional deposition approach in which the torch is set to be inclined with respect to the substrate surface. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the thermal process of the inclined component based on a general Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source and a combined heat dissipation model. Verification tests are performed based on thermal cycles of locations on the substrate and the molten pool size.,The simulated results are in agreement with experimental tests. It is shown that the dwell time between two adjacent layers greatly influences the number of the re-melting layers. The temperature distribution on both sides of the substrate is asymmetric, and the temperature peaks and temperature gradients of points in the same distance from the first deposition layer are different. Along the deposition path, the temperature distribution of the previous layer has a significant influence on the heat dissipation condition of the next layer.,The established finite element model is helpful to simulate and understand the heat transfer process of geometrical thin-walled components in WAAM.

中文翻译：

---

定位焊丝和电弧增材制造传热特性的数值研究

本文旨在使用位置线和电弧增材制造（WAAM）制造倾斜薄壁部件，并通过有限元分析方法研究倾斜薄壁部件的传热特性。基于电弧 (GMA) 的增材制造使用位置沉积方法，其中焊炬设置为相对于基板表面倾斜。基于通用Goldak双椭球热源和组合散热模型，建立三维有限元模型对倾斜构件的热过程进行模拟。基于基板上位置的热循环和熔池尺寸进行验证测试。模拟结果与实验测试一致。结果表明，相邻两层之间的停留时间对重熔层数有很大影响。基板两侧的温度分布不对称，距离第一沉积层相同距离的点的温度峰值和温度梯度不同。沿沉积路径,前一层的温度分布对下一层的散热条件有显着影响,建立的有限元模型有助于模拟和理解WAAM中几何薄壁构件的传热过程. 距离第一沉积层相同距离的点的温度峰值和温度梯度不同。沿沉积路径,前一层的温度分布对下一层的散热条件有显着影响,建立的有限元模型有助于模拟和理解WAAM中几何薄壁构件的传热过程. 距离第一沉积层相同距离的点的温度峰值和温度梯度不同。沿沉积路径,前一层的温度分布对下一层的散热条件有显着影响,建立的有限元模型有助于模拟和理解WAAM中几何薄壁构件的传热过程.