Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused serious psychological problems, including panic attack, anxiety, stress, and depression. The main objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of this psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population. In a cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of an Iranian society including community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students were investigated by the self-report questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). DASS-21 questionnaire and the demographic data sheet were filled out by the participants. All statistical analyses were done using R version 3.6.1 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ANOVA test was used to compare the severity of stress, anxiety, and depression between the four study groups. Of the 886 participants in this survey, 554 (62.5%) were men and 332 (37.5%) were women, and the mean ± standard division of age was 40.91 ± 10.7 years. Among these participants, 241 (27.2%) were selected from community population, 221 (24.9%) were patients with COVID-19, 217 (24.5%) were medical staff, and 207 (23.4%) were medical students. The mean score of stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than in medical staff and community population (P < 0.05). Overall, the anxiety score in men was higher than that in women (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 26.48 ± 4.8, P = 0.006), and unmarried participants had a significantly higher depression score compared with the married group (27.5 ± 4.8 vs. 26.7 ± 4.6, P = 0.023). In addition, the score of depression was higher in female medical staff (27.08 ± 4.6 vs. 25.33 ± 4.3, P = 0.011) and community population (26.6 ± 4.3 vs. 25.3 ± 4.3, P = 0.02) than in male. COVID-19 patients and medical students in contact with these patients were at a high risk for mental illness due to lower experience compared with professional medical staff and community population. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of psychological distress for outbreaks should become a routine part of preparedness efforts worldwide.

中文翻译：

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伊朗四组人群对 COVID-19 大流行的心理困扰严重程度比较。

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行造成了严重的心理问题，包括惊恐发作、焦虑、压力和抑郁。这项研究的主要目的是衡量伊朗人口四组中这种心理困扰的流行程度并比较其严重程度。在一项横断面调查中，通过抑郁、焦虑和压力量表的自我报告问卷调查了伊朗社会四个群体的心理健康状况，包括社区人口、COVID-19 患者、医务人员和医学生（达斯）。参与者填写了 DASS-21 问卷和人口统计数据表。所有统计分析均使用 R 3.6.1 版软件完成。小于 0.05 的 P 值被认为具有统计学意义。方差分析用于比较四个研究组之间压力、焦虑和抑郁的严重程度。在本次调查的 886 名参与者中，男性 554 名（62.5%），女性 332 名（37.5%），年龄的平均±标准差为 40.91±10.7 岁。在这些参与者中，241 人（27.2%）来自社区人群，221 人（24.9%）是 COVID-19 患者，217 人（24.5%）是医务人员，207 人（23.4%）是医学生。医学生和 COVID-19 患者的压力、焦虑和抑郁的平均得分显着高于医务人员和社区人群（P < 0.05）。总体而言，男性的焦虑评分高于女性（27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 26.48 ± 4.8，P = 0.006），未婚参与者的抑郁评分显着高于已婚组（27.5 ± 4. 8 对比 26.7 ± 4.6，P = 0.023）。此外，女性医护人员（27.08±4.6 vs. 25.33±4.3，P = 0.011）和社区人群（26.6±4.3 vs. 25.3±4.3，P = 0.02）的抑郁评分高于男性。与专业医务人员和社区人群相比，COVID-19 患者和与这些患者接触的医学生由于经验较少，因此患精神疾病的风险很高。对疾病暴发的心理困扰的持续监测和监测应成为全球防范工作的常规部分。与专业医务人员和社区人群相比，COVID-19 患者和与这些患者接触的医学生由于经验较少，因此患精神疾病的风险很高。对疾病暴发的心理困扰的持续监测和监测应成为全球防范工作的常规部分。与专业医务人员和社区人群相比，COVID-19 患者和与这些患者接触的医学生由于经验较少，因此患精神疾病的风险很高。对疾病暴发的心理困扰的持续监测和监测应成为全球防范工作的常规部分。