Musculoskeletal tissue interfaces are a common site of injury in the young, active populations. In particular, the interface between the musculoskeletal tissues of tendon and bone is often injured and to date, no single treatment has been able to restore the form and function of damaged tissue at the bone–tendon interface. Tissue engineering and regeneration hold great promise for the manufacture of bespoke in vitro models or implants to be used to advance repair and so this study investigated the material, orientation and culture choices for manufacturing a reproducible 3D model of a musculoskeletal interface between tendon and bone cell populations. Such models are essential for future studies focussing on the regeneration of musculoskeletal interfaces in vitro. Cell-encapsulated fibrin hydrogels, arranged in a horizontal orientation though a simple moulding procedure, were shown to best support cellular growth and migration of cells to form an in vitro tendon–bone interface. This study highlights the importance of acknowledging the material and technical challenges in establishing co-cultures and suggests a reproducible methodology to form 3D co-cultures between tendon and bone, or other musculoskeletal cell types, in vitro.

中文翻译：

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研究材料和方向参数以创建3D肌肉骨骼界面共培养模型。

肌肉骨骼组织界面是年轻活跃人群的常见损伤部位。特别是，肌腱和骨骼的肌肉骨骼组织之间的界面经常受到损伤，迄今为止，还没有一种治疗方法能够恢复受损的组织在骨骼-肌腱界面的形式和功能。组织工程和再生技术为定制体外模型或植入物的制造提供了广阔的前景，该模型或植入物可用于进行修复，因此，本研究调查了在肌腱和骨细胞之间的肌肉骨骼界面的可再现3D模型的制造中所用的材料，方向和培养物选择人口。这样的模型对于未来的研究是至关重要的，这些研究的重点是体外的肌肉骨骼界面的再生。。通过简单的模制程序将细胞包封的纤维蛋白水凝胶水平放置，可以最好地支持细胞生长和细胞迁移，从而形成体外的腱-骨界面。这项研究突显了在建立共培养物中认识到材料和技术挑战的重要性，并提出了一种可重现的方法，可在体外在肌腱和骨骼或其他肌肉骨骼细胞类型之间形成3D共培养。