Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) has shown great potential advantages over current bone fixation devices and vascular scaffold technologies; however, there are few reports on the immunomodulation of corrosive Mg products, the micron-sized Mg particles (MgMPs). Human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was set as the in vitro cell model to estimate the immunomodulation of MgMPs on cell proliferation, apoptosis, polarization and inflammatory reaction. Our results indicated high-concentration of Mg²⁺ demoted the proliferation of the THP-1 cells and, especially, THP-1-derived macrophages, which was a potential factor that could affect cell function, but meanwhile, cell apoptosis was almost not affected by Mg²⁺. In particular, the inflammation regulatory effects of MgMPs were investigated. Macrophages exposed to Mg²⁺ exhibited down-regulated expressions of M1 subtype markers and secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulated expression of M2 subtype marker and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results indicated Mg²⁺ could convert macrophages from M0 to M2 phenotype, and the bioeffects of MgMPs on human inflammatory cells were most likely due to the Mg²⁺-induced NF-κB activation reduction. Together, our results proved Mg²⁺ could be used as a new anti-inflammatory agent to suppress inflammation in clinical applications, which may provide new ideas for studying the immunomodulation of Mg-based implants on human immune system.

中文翻译：

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镁在单核细胞上对抗炎性巨噬细胞的体外免疫调节。

与目前的骨固定装置和血管支架技术相比，可生物降解的镁（Mg）具有巨大的潜在优势。但是，关于腐蚀性Mg产品（微米级Mg颗粒（MgMPs））的免疫调节的报道很少。将人单核细胞白血病细胞系THP-1设置为体外细胞模型，以评估MgMP对细胞增殖，凋亡，极化和炎症反应的免疫调节。我们的结果表明，高浓度的Mg ^2+会降低THP-1细胞（尤其是THP-1来源的巨噬细胞）的增殖，这是可能影响细胞功能的潜在因素，但与此同时，细胞凋亡几乎没有受到影响由Mg ²⁺。特别地，研究了MgMP的炎症调节作用。暴露于Mg ^2+的巨噬细胞表现出M1亚型标志物的表达下调和促炎细胞因子的分泌，M2亚型标志物的表达上调和抗炎细胞因子的分泌。这些结果表明，Mg ²⁺可以将巨噬细胞从M0转变为M2表型，并且MgMP对人类炎症细胞的生物效应最可能是由于Mg ²⁺诱导的NF-κB活化减少。在一起，我们的结果证明了Mg ²⁺ 在临床应用中可以用作抑制炎症的新型抗炎药，这可能为研究基于镁的植入物对人体免疫系统的免疫调节提供新思路。