ABSTRACT

To achieve higher system productivity and better soil health under rice‒based cropping systems, this study was conducted to ascertain the best agricultural and nutrient management strategies. The study involved four cropping systems (CS) comprising direct seeded basmati rice (DSBR)‒wheat (CS₁), DSBR‒wheat‒greengram (CS₂), DSBR‒cabbage‒greengram (CS₃) and DSBR‒cabbage‒onion (CS₄) under different nutrient management strategies (NMS) comprising of control (NS₀), 100% recommended dose of N, P and K fertilizers (RDF-NPK) (NS₁), 50% RDF + 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through leaf compost (LC) + biofertilizer (NS₂), 50% RDF + 25% RDN through vermicompost (VC) + biofertilizer (NS₃) and was carried out for two consecutive years. At the end of study, soil carbon fractions, bulk density and water stable aggregates were significantly (p < 0.05) higher under integrated NMS as compared to control and RDF alone. Soil biological parameters such as dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and microbial biomass carbon increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all three seasons (rainy, winter and summer) under integrated NMS (NS₂ and NS₃) plots, as compared to NS₀ and NS_1. Inclusion of greengram in rice–based cropping systems and combined use of inorganic and organic nutrient sources resulted in positive influence on soil health parameters and sustaining system productivity.

摘要

为了在以水稻为基础的种植系统下实现更高的系统生产力和更好的土壤健康，本研究旨在确定最佳农业和养分管理策略。该研究涉及四种种植系统 (CS)，包括直播巴斯马蒂水稻 (DSBR) -小麦(CS ₁ )、DSBR-小麦-greengram (CS ₂ )、DSBR-cabbage-greengram (CS ₃ ) 和 DSBR-cabbage-onion ( CS ₄ ) 在不同养分管理策略 (NMS) 下，包括对照 (NS ₀ )、100% 推荐剂量的 N、P 和 K 肥料 (RDF-NPK) (NS ₁ )、50% RDF + 25% 推荐剂量的氮(RDN) 通过叶堆肥 (LC) + 生物肥料 (NS ₂₎), 50% RDF + 25% RDN 通过蚯蚓堆肥 (VC) + 生物肥料 (NS ₃ ) 并连续两年进行。在研究结束时，与对照和单独的 RDF 相比，在综合 NMS 下，土壤碳分数、容重和水稳定团聚体显着更高（p < 0.05）。与 NS ₀和 NS相比，在综合 NMS（NS ₂和 NS ₃）地块的所有三个季节（雨季、冬季和夏季）中，土壤生物学参数如脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和微生物生物量碳均显着增加（p < 0.05）_1. 在以水稻为基础的种植系统中加入绿叶草并结合使用无机和有机营养源，对土壤健康参数和维持系统生产力产生了积极影响。